1. Seminar on
FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION
Submitted By:
Pratimesh Umesh Pathak
Submitted To:
Prof. G.R.Jadhao Sir
Prof. S.S.Nimje Mam
2. I have made this presentation file on the topic
OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION . I have tried my
best to present all the details Information about Optical Fiber .
In the beginning I have tried to give you general information on
this topic.
I express my sincere gratitude to Prof .G.R. Jadhao sir &
Prof. S.S.Nimje Mam who assisting me throughout the
preparation of this topic. I Thanks to our Laboratory attendant
Shri. D.S.More Sir. I also thank to all for providing me the
confidence , performing act and most importantly the track of
the topic whenever I needed it.
3. 1. What is Optical Fiber ?
2. Structure of Optical Fiber.
3. Working Principle.
4. Major parts of Fiber Optic Communication System.
5. Types of Optical Fiber. (On the Basis of Refractive Index.)
6. Advantages.
7. Disadvantages.
8. Applications.
9. Conclusion.
4. Fiber Optic is a technology in which the Optical wave is
transmitted through a thin glass fiber or useful Signal.
An optical fiber is a hair thin cylindrical fiber of glass or any
transparent dielectric medium.
The fiber which are used for optical communication are
wave guides made of transparent dielectrics.
Its function is to guide visible and infrared light over long
distances.
5. Core – central tube of very thin size made
up of optically transparent dielectric
medium and carries the light form
transmitter to receiver. The core diameter
can vary from about 5um to 100 um.
Cladding – outer optical material
surrounding the core having reflecting
index lower than core. It helps to keep the
light within the core throughout the
phenomena of total internal reflection.
Buffer Coating – plastic coating that protects the fiber made of
silicon rubber. The typical diameter of fiber after coating is 250-300
um.
6. Total Internal Reflection
When a ray of light travels from a denser to a rarer
medium such that the angle of incidence is greater
than the critical angle, the ray reflects back into the
same medium this phenomena is called total
internal reflection.
When a ray of light travel from one media to
another media it bends & this bending known as
refraction. When ray of light travel from denser to
rarer medium the refracted ray turns away from
the normal as shown in figure.
r
x y
Incident ray
Refracted ray
Denser medium
Rarer medium
7. Transmitter - The transmitter takes binary data and transfers it
to a light signal. The light signal is passed through fiber optic
cables and connectors until it reaches the receiver.
Optical fiber - The modulate light signals are transmitted through
optical fiber .
Receiver - The receiver then takes that light signal, translates it
back to an electrical signal allowing the binary data to be read by
the user.
8. Core – It is the central tube of the diameter 24 made up of
optically transparent dielectric medium and carries the light form
transmitter to receiver. It is covered with layer of Glass.
Cladding – It is the outer optical material made up of solid
glass surrounding the core having reflecting index lower than
core. It helps to keep the light within the core throughout the
phenomena of total internal reflection. The diameter of cladding
is 70um to 250um.
Protective Buffer – It is the plastic coating that protects the
fiber made of silicon rubber. It prevents Physical damages and
other losses from dust practical. The typical diameter of fiber
after coating is 250-300 um.
9. • The life of fiber is longer than copper wire.
• Handling and installation costs of optical fiber is very nominal.
• It is unaffected with electromagnetic interference.
• Attenuation in optical fiber is lower than coaxial cable or twisted
pair.
• There is no necessity of additional equipment for protecting
against grounding and voltage problems.
• As it does not radiates energy any antenna or detector cannot
detects it hence provides signal security
• It does not emits any noise
10. o Highly skilled staff would be required for maintenance.
o Only point to point working is possible on optical fiber.
o Precise and costly instruments would be required.
o Accept unipolar codes only.
o Jointing of fiber is also time consuming.
11. Optical fiber have wider range of application in almost all field,
some are been specified.
• The optical fiber is use for miliotary applications such as
command & control ink on ships and air craft.
• The optical fiber is use as satellite earth station.
• It can be use in treatment in cancer, in cardiology , in
ophthalmology, etc.
• It is use in communication system. Such as telephone,
cable, computer networks, etc.
• Optical fiber can be use as a sensors.
12. This concludes our study of optical fiber communications
have looked at how they work and how they are made. We
have examined the properties of fibers, and how fibers are
joined together. Although this presentation does not cover
all the aspects of optical fiber work it will have equipped you
knowledge and skills essential to the fiber optic industry.
