Purpose and types of milling machine

1. Manufacturing Process-1 (2110011)
Guided by :
Prof. VAi
Created By :
Name : Shah Preet .P.
Enroll. No. : 160410119117
Batch : C
Dept : Mechanical
Topic : Purpose and type of
milling machine
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2. Introduction
 A milling machine is a machine tool that removes metal as the
work is fed against a rotating multipoint cutter.
 The cutter rotates at a high speed and because of the
multipoint cutting edges it removes metal at a very fast rate.
 First milling machine came into existence in about 1770 and
was of french origin.
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3. Classification According To General Design
 A large variety of different types of milling machines are available.
 The milling machine may be classified in several form covering a
wide range of work and capacities, but the choice of any
particular machine is determined primarily by the nature of the
work to be undertaken both in relation to the size and operation
to be performed.
1. Column and knee type
2. Fixed bed type
3. Planer type
4. Production type
5. Special type
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4. Column And Knee Type
 For general shopwork the most commonly used is the column
and knee type where the table is mounted on the knee-casting
which in turn is mounted on the vertical slides of the main
column.
 The knee is vertically adjustable on the column so that the
table can be moved up and down to accommodate work of
various height.
 The column and knee type milling machine are classified
according to the various methods of supplying power to the
table, different movement of the table and different axis of
rotation of the main spindle.
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5. Classification Of Column And Knee Type
1. Hand milling machine
2. Plain or Horizontal milling machine
3. Vertical milling machine
4. Omniversal milling machine
5. Universal milling machine
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6. Hand Milling Machine
 It is the simplest of all the milling machines and smaller in size.
 All the operations are performed by hand except the rotation
of an arbor.
 The table carrying the work piece over it is moved by hand to
feed the work piece.
 This machine is mostly useful in producing small components
such as hexagonal or square headed bolts, cutting key ways
and slots on screw heads.
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8. Plain Milling Machine
 For supporting the saddle, worktable and other accessories such as indexing head,
 knee is provided.
 Overarm provides support for the yoke which supports the free end of the arbor.
 The arbor carrying the cutter rotates about a horizontal axis.
 Except swiveling, the table can be given motion in three different directions i.e.
 o Longitudinal direction ( )
 o Vertical direction ( )
 o Cross direction ( )
 For vertical movement of the table, the knee along with whole unit over it slides up and down in
the guide ways provided on the column.
 For cross movement of the table, the saddle is moved towards or away from the column along
with the whole unit over it.
 To provide additional support and rigidity to the arbor, a brace is employed.
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10. Vertical Milling Machine
 In this type of machine spindle position is vertical hence, called as vertical milling machine.
 This machine is available in two types i.e. fixed bed type and column and knee type.
 It consists of a vertical column on a heavy base and overarm is made integral with the column and
carrying housing at its front.
 This housing is called as head which can be of fixed type or swivelling type.
 In fixed head type, the spindle always remains vertical and can be adjusted up and down.
 Whereas, in swivelling head type, the spindle can be swivelled to any required angle for machining inclined
surfaces.
 The knee carries a screw jack with the help of which it is moved up and down along the guide ways
provided on the column.
 The saddle is mounted on the knee which can be moved towards or away from the column, along the
horizontal guide ways provided on the knee.
 This enables the table to move in cross direction.
 Similar to horizontal milling machine, in vertical milling machine also there are three motions for the table
i.e. longitudinal, vertical and cross.
 Hence, with the help of knee the work piece gets vertical movement, by using cross movement; and
longitudinal movement by the table.
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12. Omniversal Milling Machine
 Omniversal milling machine is a modified form of a plain
milling machine.
 It is provided with two spindles, out of which one is horizontal
and other is carried by a universal swivelling head.
 The latter can be fixed in vertical position or can be set at any
required angle up to 90 on both the sides of vertical.
 One more special feature of this machine is that, it carries two
more adjustments in addition to all the adjustments provided
in a universal machine.
 Its knee can be swivelled about a horizontal axis to tilt the
table and can be moved horizontally also.
 Hence, this machine is very useful for tool room work.
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14. Universal Milling Machine
 Universal milling machines are most versatile of all the milling
machines and most useful because, they are capable of
performing most of the machining operations.
 By using this machine, large number of other machine tools can
be avoided.
 Universal milling machine is similar to horizontal milling machine,
except that the table can be given one more additional
movement.
 Its table can be swivelled in a horizontal plane and for this
purpose circular guide way are provided on the saddle.
 To read the angle of swivelling, a graduated circular base is
provided under the table with datum mark on the saddle.
 Hence, Work piece can be set at an angle with the cutter for
milling helical and spiral flutes and grooves.
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16. Fixed Bed Type
 The fixed bed type milling machine are comparatively large,
heavy, and rigid and differ radically from column and knee
type milling machine by the construction of its table mounting.
 The table is directly mounted on the ways of fixed bed.
 The cutter mounted on the spindle head may be moved
vertically on the column, and the spindle may be adjusted
horizontally to provide cross adjustment.
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17. Fixed Bed Type
 The name simplex, duplex and triplex indicates that the
machine is provided with single, double and triple spindle
heads respectively.
 In duplex machine, the spindle heads are arranged one on
each side of the table.
 In triplex type the third spindle is mounted on a cross rail.
 The automatic control of the machine enables it to be used
with advantage in repetitive type of work.
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19. Planer Type
 The plano-miller, as it is called, is a massive machine built up
for heavy duty work, having spindle heads adjustable in vertical
in transverse direction.
 There may be a number of independent spindles carrying
cutters on the rail as well as two heads on the uprights.
 Modern plano-milers are provided with high power driven
spindles powered to the extent of 100 h.p. And the rate of
metal removal is tremendous.
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22. Special Type
 Milling machine of non conventional design have been developed to suit special
purposes.
 The features that they have in common are the spindle for rotating the cutter and
provision for moving the tool or the work in different directions.
 Special type of machine are as follow:-
1. Rotary table machine
2. Drum milling machine
3. Planetary milling machine
4. Pantograph milling machine
5. Profiling machine
6. Tracer controlled milling machine
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