this file contain pdf format of Classification of mushrooms.

1. Institute OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
s ‘o’ a du, BBsr
CLASSIFICATION OF MUSHROOM

2.  What are mushrooms?
 Classification
 Taxonomic Position
 Natural Habitat
CONTENTS

3.  Human Consumption
 Reference
Mushrooms are fleshy, spore bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically
produced above ground, on soil or on it’s food source.
1.5 to 2 million species of mushroom present on earth, out of which 8000088000
species are identified. Among them 124 species are edible, from which 24-26
species are under cultivation and 4-6 species are commercially available.
There are 3 basis of classification of mushrooms.
What are mushrooms?

4. 1. Taxonomic position
2. Natural habitat
3. Human consumption
Classification

5. 1. Taxonomic Position
Fungi
Eumycota
Basidiomycotina
Hymenomycetes Gasteromycetes
Ascomycotina
Discomycetes Pyrenomycetes
KINGDOM
DIVISION
SUB
DIVISION
CLASS
-Agaricales
-Aphyllophorales
-Hymenogastrales
-Phallales
-Pezzizales
-Tuberales
ORDER
-Cordyceps
-Hypomyces

6. In ecology a particular organism lives in a particular natural environment and
gives best result.
Inhabiting media Terminology Saprophytic
Parasitic/
Symbiotic
Humus
Humicolous/
Folicolous
Marasmiusspp.
Volvariellaspp.
Polyporous spp.
Boletus
Lactarius,
Tricholoma
spp. (S)
Wood Lignicolous
Agrocybespp.
Pleurotusspp.
Lentinus edodes
Armillaria mellea
Cyttariaspp.
(P)
2. Natural Habitat

7. Dung Coprophilous
Agaricusspp.
Coprinus spp.
A. Edible mushroom
- Edibility may be defined by criteria that include absence of
poisonous effect on human and desirable taste and aroma.
1) Paddy straw mushroom ( Volvariella volvacea )
2) Oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus )
3) Button mushroom ( Agaricus bisporus )
4) Milky mushroom ( Calocybe indica ) 5)
Shiitake mushroom ( Lentinulla spp. )
Not available
6) Jew’s ear mushroom ( Auricularia spp. )
3. Human Consumption

8. Paddy straw mushroom
( Volvariella volvacea )
 Paddy straw mushrooms are extensively grown on paddy straw having fleshy
stipe 3-8 cm in length and dark grey cap that is 6-12 cm in diameter.


9. Oyster mushroom
( Pleurotus ostreatus )
 Oyster mushrooms are called as such as they look like oysters.
 They are soft and white in hot weather and greyish in cold weather.
 Stipe is usually very short and the color is as that of the pilus.
 The mushroom is fan like when young then gradually becomes deep
lobed to form branches.

10. Button mushroom
( Agaricus bisporus )
 The name is derived from it’s shape when it is quite young but the button
stage is only a passive stage which becomes umbrella like on it’s maturity.
 The gills are enclosed by a membrane in the young stage that extends
from margin of pilus to the stipe called as partial veil. It remains attached
to the stipe where it forms a ring known as annulus.

11. Milky mushroom
( Calocybe indica )
 Milky white mushroom is a species of edible mushroom native to India.
 The sturdy all white mushrooms appear in summer after rainfall in fields
and on road verges.

12. Shiitake mushroom (
Lentinulla spp. )
 This is an edible mushroom native to east Asia which is considered as a
medicinal mushroom in some forms of traditional medicine.

13. Jew’s ear mushroom
( Auricularia spp. )
 This mushroom is found worldwide and the fruiting body is
distinguished by it’s noticeably ear like shape and brown coloration
and grows upon wood.

14.  Some mushrooms are not edible because of their growing environment
or the way they smell or taste i.e quite unpleasant.
 Ex.- coprophilous fungi (grows on dung of cow other animals)
 Poisonous mushrooms are called as toadstools.

15. 1. Amanita phalloides ( Death cap )
- Amanita phalloides known as death cap, is a deadly poisonous
basidiomycetes fungus widely distributed across Europe.
- Amatoxins, the class of toxins found in these
mushrooms are thermostable, so their toxic effects
are not reduced by cooking.
- The principal toxic constituents are alpha-
amanitin, which damages the liver and kidneys,
causing liver and kidney failures that are fatal.

16. 2. Amanita virosa (destroying angels )

17. - It is native to Eurasia and North
America.
- It belongs to a group known as
Orellani, all of which are highly toxic.
- Eating them results in kidney failure,
which is often irreversible.
3. Cortinarius rubellus ( fool’s web cap )

18. ⁻ Amanita pantherine, also known as the panther cap and false blusher due to
4. Amanita pantherina ( Panther cap )

19. its similarity to true blusher (Amanita rubescens) found in Europe and
western Asia.
⁻ The mushroom gives an unpleasant
smell like raw potatoes.

20. 5. Amanita muscaria ( Fly agaric )
⁻
⁻

21. ⁻ Native to Europe and North America.

22. ⁻ The mushroom is an irregular brain shaped.
⁻ When mushroom is consumed, the
principal active agent, Gyromitrin is
hydrolyzed into the toxic compound
mono methyl hydrazine.
⁻ This toxin affects the liver, central nervous
system and sometimes the kidney.
⁻ Native to Europe and North America.
⁻ It is also known as sweating mushroom; it
derives this name from the symptoms of
poisoning (sludge syndrome).
6. Gyromitra esculenta ( False morel )
7. Clitocybe rivulosa ( Fool’s funnel )

23. ⁻ The main toxin of this mushroom is Muscarine.

24. 8. Boletus satanas ( Devil’s bolete )
⁻
⁻

25.  Class note
 Book- Mushrooms for livelihood by Vijaya Khader (page no.- 14-17)
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calocybe_indica
 https://www.webmd.com/diet/health-benefits-
shiitakemushrooms#:~:text=Shiitake%20mushrooms%20contain%20
eritaden
ine%2C%20a,lentinans%20and%20other%20beta%2Dglucans
 https://www.delephant.com.au/black-fungus-wood-ear-
healthbenefits/#:~:text=Easily%20prepared%20%E2%80%93%20ca
n%20b
e%20served,enriching%20blood%20when%20consumed%20regular
l y
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubroboletus_satanas
Reference

26.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita_phalloides
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyromitra_esculenta
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