Educators and Learners: This is a 22-slide graphic representation of the overall understanding of the “how to compare and contrast different types of memory and memory strategies” based on readings, discussions, and online research conducted by a group of 20 adult ESL students in a blended program (April 29, 2020).

1. MEMORY: COMPARE / CONTRAST
Individual artefacts by adult ESL learners in a blended class
Permission granted by all students to publish slides to be included as an artefact in their capstone eportfolio projects
Photos and images: courtesy of ClipArt
1
How we conceptualized
memory after a lecture on
cognition by Pearson/Longman.
Based on the Pearson/Longman Contemporary Topics lecture on cognitive psychology

2. Comparison and Contrast
Cognitive Strategies (differences)
•Verbal eleboration
•Talk about information
•Agree/Disagree
•Compare/Contrast
•Discuss relationships
•Remember more and longer
Similarities
•Ability to store, retain, recall
information
•Stored 30 sec. - life
•Long term memory
•Declarative memory
Affective Strategies (differences)
•Emotions – brain chemical release
•Limbic system- information
•Creat positive emotional response
•Study w/friend
•Use interesting study test
•Test questions
•Emotional responses remember
better
#1

3. Compare and Contrast Two Types of
Memory
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
SIT AMET,
CONSECTETUER
ADIPISCING ELIT.
MAECENAS
01
NUNC VIVERRA
IMPERDIET ENIM.
FUSCE EST. VIVAMUS
A TELLUS.
02
PELLENTESQUE
HABITANT MORBI
TRISTIQUE SENECTUS
ET NETUS ET
MALESUADA FAMES.
03
Sensory Memory :
1
Sensory Memory:
1- Short= 100-
500millisecond
2- Initial moment of
perception
3- Tactile sensory memory =
by touch (skill smothers)
4- Senses used= recording
in brain
5- Learning and
remembering
Long Term Memory
1- Long= all your life
2- Meaningful
3- Emotional
4- Declarative= facts,
idea, names, experience
5- Procedural memory=
ride bicycle, play music
(Implicate , unconscious)
Similarities:
1- Types of memory
2- Store and retain
information
3- Recall information
4- Use feeling we have
5- Use brain system
#2

4. Two types of memories
#3
Short-term memory
• Storage: daily life.
• Temporary.
• Common mental
operations.
• Forgettable
• Frontal lobe of the
cerebral context.
• Physical qualities of
experience: do, taste,
touch.
Long-term memory
• Storage: 30 s- life.
• Permanent.
• 1st performed in short-
term memory.
• Unforgettable.
• Held in hippocampus ⟶
trans. to language and
perception area.
• Meaning or semantic
codes.

5. 5
#4
Working & Long-Term
Memories
*type of memory
*both related to working
memory
*training by step or repeating
*remembrance of details
*clear memory
Working Memory
*important for daily life
*temporarily holds
*manipulates info – workspace
ex: repeat phone number to remember
*crucial for common mental operations( add
numbers, follow directions, understanding logical
relationships between ideas
Long-Term Memory
*stored 30 sec for entire life
*1st processed in working memory in
meaningful/emotional ways
ex: clear details remembrance of Gran Canyon seen
at 15yrs old
*2 types:
a)declarative: facts, ideas, names
Conscious
b)procedural: body movement( ride bicycle, play
instrument)
Implicit unconscious

6. 1. Facts, concepts
2. Access = association
3. How 2 approach & complete
tasks
4. Learn process = multiple expos
1. Verbal elaboration
a. Agree/disagree
b. Comp/contrast
c. Discuss relation btw ideas
2. Extra attention 4 difficult info
3. Acquisition of featural
knowledge
4. Conversation w yourself (like,
!like, why?)
5. We know = meaningful ideas
=we learned/remember
1. Events, experiences
2. Access = contextual
cues
3. Better remember by
using control emo
resp
4. Learn process =
immediate w expos
1. Student Study Group
a. Short presentation
b. Take turns
c. Topic study
2. Relate new info 2 things y
already know
3. Remember ongoing life’s
experience
4. Change feelings about
subject
1. Things y know that y can
tell others
2. Conscious, explicit (verbal)
3. 30’ – all life
4. Attention
1. Read out loud
2. Outline/notes
3. Teach new concepts to
others (understanding and
recall)
4. Fun/challenge/interest
5. Establish relation btw new
ideas & previously memo
6. Sleep
Contemporary Topics: Cognitive Psychology –
Memory
Declarative Memory & Strategies
Comparison/Contrast
How 2 improve memo
#5

7. Cognitive Strategy:
(Meaning:
Comprehending/understanding/
Conceptualizing technology)
 How to approach and
Complete the task
 Thinking in more effective way
Verbal Elaboration
 Meaningful way of thinking
 Verbalize the Information
Agree/Disagree,
Compare/Contrast, Discussing the
relationship what already learned
and what we are trying to learn.
Differences
Affective Strategy:
(Meaning:
Inferring/Reflecting/Responding
Technique)
 Controlling the Emotion
 Related with brain Chemical
 Depending on the Mood while
learning
 Releasing the memory
 Part of the emotion System in
brain= Limbic System
 Transferring the info into long
term memory
 Our feeling affects our
remembering
 More interesting= More
enjoyable
Similarities:
Both = related to our
Mental Health
Both = To be practised
Both=Psychological
Phenomenon
Both= Long/Short term
#6

8. Similarity and differences between cognitive strategy and affective
similarity Differences
Cognitive affective
Long term memory-declarative
memory (facts/ ideas/names)
How to complete the task, how you feel,
Using work memory in
meaningful ways
Verbal elaboration: Agree or
not, compare and contrast
Study with others, try different
tasks
Strategies helps improve
memory
Interacting with learning
materials
Interacting with people
#7

9. Mamore Time Important Jobs
Sensory
memory
Short 100-
500
millisecon
ds
Learning &
Remembering.
Tactile sensory
memory
Working
memory
Work
temporally
Important daily
life
hold &
manipulate
information
temporally
workspace mind.
Following direction,
Adding numbers,
Understand
relationship between
ideas
Long term
memory
30
seconds –
as long as
entirely
life time
Info & experience
were initial
process in
working memory
in meaningful or
emotional ways.
A. Declarative
memory
Facts – ideas –
names
B. Procedural memory
concerns your
knowledge to moving
your body
Strategies Definition Similarity Methods
Cognitive
strategies
Concern to thinking
in more effective
ways
Talk about info in
meaningful way
that we are trying
to remember
Agree or
disagree
Compare
&contrast
Discuses
relationship
Affective
strategies
control on emotional
responses in order to
remember better
How you feel about
something affective
how will you
remember
Study with
whatever
friends in
your class.
Use
interesting
study tasks.
Test
questions.
8

10. Sensory Memory
-Short. 100-500 milliseconds
It is often thought of as the first stage
of memory that involves registering a
tremendous amount of information about the
environment, but only for a very brief period.
Working
Memory
- concerned
with immediate
conscious
perceptual and
linguistic
processing.
Important For Daily
Life & Learning
-Store Retain &
Recall Information Long Term Memory
- the phase or type of
memory responsible for
the storage of
information for an
extended period of
time.
Temporary
Holds &
Manipulates
Information
Senses Plays
A Huge Role
(Procedural
For Long
Term)
Long Term Memory
1st Processed In
Working Memory.
Works Hand in
Hand.
Cognitive Strategy
- Verbal Elaboration To Self
- Agree/Disagree
- Compare/Contrast
- Brainstorming
Affective Strategy
-Emotional Response
- Emotions Help In
Storing Memory
- Part Of Limbic
System
- Help to Remember Longer
- Declarative Memory
- Stored For 30sec - Life
#9

11. difference difference
Long/short term
Increase memory
Transfer info
Enhance learning
Mental healthy
Practice to memory
SimilaritiesCognitive Strategy Affective Strategy
Brainstorming
Elaboration
Visualisation
Agree/disagree
Compare/contrast
Discuss relationship
technology
Comparison & contrast
Emotion control
Brain chemical release
Limbic system
How well you feel
Cooperation
More interesting
#10

12. Affective Strategy
● Control our emotions
response
● Remember better
● Emotions → brain chemicals
→ release → memory
●Limbic system transfer info
into long term memory
● How you feel →
How well you remember
* Study w/friends
* Use interesting study tasks
* Test questions
→ Increases sense of fun, memory
and interest
Cognitive Strategy
● To approach tasks
● Different methods
to use
● Verbal elaboration
● Talk about
information
in meaning way
* Agree/disagree
* Compare/contrast
* discuss
relationships
→ Remember more/
longer
#11

13. Compare & contrast
Cognitive strategies
 Verbal elaboration
 Agree/disagree
 Compare/contrast
 Discuss relationships
 Declarative memory
 Experience
 Ex. Facts, ideas, names
 Conscious
Affective strategies
 Emotions-brain chemical
 Release-memory
 Limbic system
 Feeling
 Study w/friend
 Use interesting study tasks
 Test questions
 Procedural memory
 Body movements
 Ex. Ride bicycle, play instrument
 Implicit, unconscious
Similarities
 Learning
&remembering
 Important for daily life
 A plan of action
 Improve memory
 Both has skills
 Beneficial for mental
health
 Long/short term
 Able to do things
 Both are realistic
 Both are study of
memory
#12

14. Conceptual Framework: Comparison and Contrast
Improving Memories
I. Sensory memory/Working memory
II. Long-term memory
Declarative memory
Precision memory (implicit,
unconscious)
Affective
Strategies
Emotional responses
Control emotions both negative
and positive
The limbic system - deals with
emotions and memory.
Lowering anxiety levels with
relaxation techniques
Positive atmosphere
Encourage yourself
Take emotional temperature
(listening to the body, discussing
feelings with someone else)
Cognitive
Strategies
Agree/Disagree
Ask/Answer questions
Compare/Contrast with
your life experience
Discuss relationships
Focus your attention
Structure/Organize
Visualizing
Read out loud
Relax
Vary your study routine
#13

15. Comparison & Contrast between Sensory&Long-Term Memory
 Memory function
 Store in brain
 Store & return & recall
info.
 Affect lifes
Sensory Memory Long-Term Memory
 Temporary
 Short -100-500 milliseconds
 Initial moment
 Forgettable
 Tactile by touch
 1st stage of memory
 Permanent
 Long - 30 seconds
 Meaningful & emotional
 Unforgettable
 Declarative by facts
 Procedural memory
#14

16. • verbal elaboration
• discuss relationship
• agree/disagree
• compare/contrast
COGNITIVE
STRATEGIES
AFFECTIVE
STRATEGIES
• create positive emotional
responses
• use interesting study tasks
• test questions
• limbic system
• sharing ideas
• long-term memory
• declarative
• facts-general knowledge
(semantic memory)
• personally experienced
events (episodic memory)
#15

17. 17
#16

18. Cognitive strategies
interact with the material
brainstorming
summarizing
planning
encouraging yourself
elaboration
visualisation
association
key words
comparing to what you know
Affective strategies
interact with others
ask questions
give comments
manage emotions
motivation
limbic system
feedback
increase interest
cooperating with others
- long-term memory
- enhance learning
- specific techniques
- increase memory
- transfer info
#17

19. 19
#18
Cognitive Strategies &
Affective Strategies
* Improving Declarative
Memory
* Applying usefully in
school
Control
emotion
responses
Use positive
emotions x-fer
information to
long-term
memory
Create positive
emotions in
studying
Thinking in
more effective
way
Verbal
Elaboration
Talk about
information to
be memorized
in meaningful
ways
Think &
verbalize
information
critically

20. Comparison & Contrast
Cognitive Strategy
Brainstorming
Planning
Visualization
Agree/Disagree
Compare/Contrast
Elaboration
Affective Strategy
Ask questions
Feedback
Motivation
Comments
Manage emotions
Limbic system
Cooperating w/others
More interesting
Long term memory
Specific techniques
Increase memory
Transfer info
Mental healthy
#19

21. Comparison & contrast
Cognitive strategies
•Verbal elaboration: talk
about information in
meaningful way
•1) Agree / disagree
•2) Compare / contrast
•3) Discuss relationships
•Declarative memory =
experiences Ex:
facts, ideas, names,
conscious
Similarities
•Both are used to improve
memory
•Both can be used for short
term and long term
memory
•Both are used in many
kinds of study, for example：
•1) Study with friends
•2) Use interesting study
tasks
•3) Test questions
Affective strategies
•Emotional responses
remember better
•Emotions Brain
chemical release memory
•Limbic system：
Information Long-term
memory
•How you feel = How well
you remember
•Procedural memory =
body movements
Ex: ride bicycle, play
instrument
• Implicit, unconscious
#20

22. 22
REFERENCES
Some of the sources used for: Artefacts created by EAP2 students in a blended class at the LTC – Spring 2020
Text: Cognitive Psychology: Memory - Pearson/Longman Contemporary Topics
Images:
Courtesy of ClipArt / Courtesy of GoogleImages
CleanPNG https://www.cleanpng.com/
Image from article used in research (2019, February 01)
https://alisondoherty.com/2013/02/01/memory-writing-and-imagination/
Photos and images: courtesy of SmartArt
https://myofficemagazine.co.za/coding-should-be-sas-12th-language/
NikitinaOlga. (n.d.). Memory Loss Man. Retrieved from https://v.paixin.com/photocopyright/11665611?help=back
https://kpu.pressbooks.pub/app/uploads/sites/3/2018/04/masteringMemory_v01-1-300x214.png
improve memory
http://www.braintrainingtools.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/techniques-to-improve-memory-retention-recall.jpg
Neurosciencenews. (2020, January 6). Epilepsy Study Shows Link between Brain Activity and Memory. Retrieved
from https://neurosciencenews.com/memory-brain-activity-epilepsy-15405/
Other
Free PowerPoint Templates Design:
Human Brain Inside Bulb-Business PowerPoint Templates
https://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com/human-brain-inside-bulb-business-powerpoint-templates/
"Epilepsyu": https://epilepsyu.com/tag/restoring-memory/
Practical Psychology: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4evnus2olo
Study.com
Atkinson & Shiffrin's Modal Model of Memory Video
BELLABEE:
Concentration/Learning/Working/Memory Therapy with Bellabee - BELLABEE: 7/12/2019
https://www.bellabee.us/blog/concentrationlearningworkingmemory-therapy-with-bellabee
5 senses clipart sensory memory:
https://webstockreview.net/pict/getfirst
Working Memory Resources for Parents, By Dr. Randy Kulman on Monday, February 22, 2016
https://southcountychildandfamily.com/2016/02/22/working-memory-resources-for-parents/
Long Term Memory-Nov 13, 2019
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4evnus2olo&list=RDCMUCir93b_ftqInEaDpsWYbo_g&index=1
Disclaimer: we have made every effort to cite all sources and use only Royalty-free images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royalty-free