1. BRAIN INJURIES IN CT PRESENTED BY:
RAKESH VALLITTAYIL

2. BRAIN INJURY
ANY INJURY OCCURING IN BRAIN OF A LIVING
ORGANISM
BRAIN DAMAGE- DISTRUCTION OR DEGENERATION OF
BRAIN CELLS.
TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY – DAMAGE OCCURES WHEN OUT
SIDE FORCE TRAUMATICALLY INJURES THE BRAIN.
STROKE – VASCULAR EVENT WHEN CAUSING DAMAGE TO
BRAIN.
AQUIRED BRAIN INJURY – DAMGE AFTER BIRTH EITHER
TRAUMATIC OR NOT TRAUMATIC OR DUE TO OUT SIDE OR
INSIDE

3. SKULL FRACTURE
A skull fracture is a break in one
or more of the eight bones that
form the cranial portion of the
SKULL.
TYPES
Linear
Depressed
Diastatic
Basilar

4. LINEAR
FRACTURES
 BREAK IN BONE THAT
TRAVERSE FULL THICKNESS
OF BONE THE SKULL FROM
OUTER TO INNER SHELL
 MOST common
 USUALLY REQUIRES NO
INTERVENTIONS
 BLUNT FORCE TRAUMA

5. DEPRESSED
SKULL
FRACTURE
 WHEN THE BROCKEN PORTION
DISPLACED INWARD
 DUE TO BLUNT FORCE TRAUMA
 HIGH RISK DUE TO PRESSURE
ON THE
BRAIN OR HEMORRHAGE.

6. DIASTIC
FRACTURE
WHEN THE FRACTURE LINE
TRANSVERES ONE OR MORE
SUTURES OF THE SKULL
CAUSING WIDENING OF
SUTURE.
USUALLY SEEN IN CHILDREN

7. BASILAR
FRACTURE
 LINEAR FRACTURES
OCCURE IN SKULL BASE
INCLUDING SPHENOID
ETHMOID TEMPORAL
AND OCCIPITAL BONE.
 VERY RARE TYPE OF
FRACTURE

8. INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE
INTRA AXIAL HEMORRHAGE (INSIDE THE BRAIN TISSUE)
INTRA CEREBRAL HEMMORRHAGE (ICH)
CEREBRAL CONTUSION
EXTRA AXIAL HEMORRHAGE (OUT SIDE THE BRAIN
TISSUE)
EXTRADURAL HEMMORRHAGE (EDH)
SUBDURAL HEMMORRHAGE (SDH)
SUBARACHANOID HEMMORRHAGE (SAH)
INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMMORRHAGE (IVH)

9. INTRA CEREBRAL
HEMMORRHAGE (ICH)
OVAL OR ROUND SHAPED
SINGLE OR MULTIPLE
COMMON LOCATION IS BASAL
GANGLIA
IT MAY EXTEND TO VENTRICLES.
CAN BE DUE TO
HYPERTANSION,TRAUMA,ANEURI
SM AND AVM.
IT CAN CAUSE MASS EFFECT

10. CEREBRAL
CONTUSIONS
 BRUISE OF THE BRAIN TISSUE
 SMALL –DANGEROUS BECAUSE
IT
 WILL CAUSE AXION DAMAGE.
 LARGE-LESS DANGEROUS.

11. MENINGES
THE MEMBRAINS THAT ENVELOP
THE BRAIN.
1. DURA MATER – OUTER
2. ARACHANOID MATER –MIDDLE
3. PIA MATER- INNER

12. EXTRADURAL OR EPI DURAL
HEMORRHAGE (EDH)
BETWEEN INNER SURFACE OF
THE SKULL AND OUTER LAYER
OF DURA.
ASSOCIATED WITH FRACTURE
ARTERIAL BLOOD
BICONVEX IN SHAPE

13. SUBDURAL HEMATOMA
BETWEEN DURA MATTER AND THE
BRAIN
RESULTING IN TEARING OF VENOUS
BRIDGE
VENOUS BLOOD
CRESCENT SHAPED
ACUTE SDH: DUE TO TRAUMA
MOST LETHAL
CHRONIC SDH:OVER A PERIOD OF
TIME
PROGNOSIS -GOOD

14. EDH VS SDH

15. SUB ARACHANOID
HEMORRHAGE (SAH)
BLEEDING INTO SUB
ARACHANOID SPACE
FROM CEREBRAL ANEURISM
OR INJURY

16. INTRAVENTRICULAR
HEMORRHAGE (IVH)
BLEEDING INTO VENTRICULAR
SYSTEM
DUE TO TRAUMA OR STROKE
COMMON IN PREMATURE
INFANTS
IT WILL INCREASE THE
INTRACRANIAL
PRESSURE WHICH CAN RESULT IN
FATAL BRAIN HERNIATION

17. THANK YOU