The document discusses the exhaust system of vehicles. It describes the main parts of an exhaust system which include the exhaust manifold, catalytic converter, oxygen sensor, exhaust pipe, and muffler. It explains how mufflers work to reduce noise by using baffles, wave cancellation, resonators, and absorbing materials. Mufflers come in different types like baffle, wave cancellation, resonance, absorber, and combined resonance types. The document also discusses how mufflers and exhaust pipes work to reduce noise produced from engine exhaust gases.

1. By: RAMEES.M

2. INTRODUCTION
EXHAUST SYSTEM
HOW IT WORKS
MUFFLER
TYPES OF MUFFLER
WORKING
EXHAUST QUIETING METHODS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE

3. . In reality sound of the motor bike gets controlled by the
exhaust mechanism of the vehicle.
The muffler present in the vehicle also reduces the noise to
a greater extent.
Poorly designed mufflers can result in a considerable
power loss.
the aim is to get the maximum power and reduced noise
Mufflers get installed within the exhaust arrangement of
modern I.C engines

4. Main parts:
 Exhaust manifold
 Catalytic converter
 Oxygen sensor
 Exhaust pipe
 Muffler

5. Exhaust manifold:
It’s connect to the engine. Take all cylinders exhaust to
one pipe. Made from steel, stainless steel or aluminum.
Catalytic converter:
This muffler changes harmful carbon and hydrocarbons
to water stem and carbon dioxide.

6.  Oxygen sensor:
It’s measure how much oxygen in the exhaust. It’s connect
to computer to control the correct mixture for fuel
economy.
 Muffler:
It’s work to reduce the noise of the exhaust process .
 Exhaust pipe:
It’s work as connect all parts together and move the gas
throw it .

7. To reduce the noise, the engine exhaust is connected via exhaust
pipe to the silencer.
A tail pipe carries the exhaust gases from the muffler to the rear or
side of the vehicle near the wheel.
The noise consist of different notes of various frequencies.
The any silencer for absorbing this noise must effectively reduce
both the low and high frequency noise.
In some designs, the muffler has several resonators of different
sizes to target a range of frequencies

8. TYPES OF MUFFLER
1. BAFFLE TYPE
 It is generally cylindrical in shape with a number of baffles spot
welded inside.
 Major drawback of the mufflers is their low efficiency. Because of
the restriction provided to the flow by the baffles, the back
pressure is increased, thus causing in loss in engine power.

9. 2.WAVE CANCELLATION TYPE
 In this type, exhaust gases are divided into two parts.
 In practice this type of muffler does not eliminate
noise completely, because this is only at one
frequency for which muffler is designed, where as
noise is a combination of different frequencies

10. 3.RESONANCE TYPE
 These are also called helmhotlz type, after the person
who originated this idea.
 It consist of a number of helmhotlz resonator in series,
through which a pipe containing access ports passes.
 Series of resonators eliminate the fundamental and
harmonics of the engine noise.

11. 4.ABSORBER TYPE
 The sound absorbing material, usually fibre glass, is
placed in this case around the perforated tube through
which the exhaust gases pass.
 During high pressure fluctuations the gases pass
through the perforations to the sound absorbing
material, when these fluctuations are reduced and thus
the noise gets reduced in intensity.

12. 5.COMBINED RESONANCE TYPE
 It is seen that the absorber type muffler, has a
drawback in that it is not efficient in reducing noise of
low frequency.
 To obviate this defect, this is combined with a resonant
chamber.
 This type is more efficient than either the simple
resonance or the absorber types.

13. oAs gas burns inside the engine, fumes and exhaust
gases flow through the exhaust pipe and pass through one
or a small series of tubes. From there, they pass through
the catalytic converter.
oIn the converter, harmful substances such as Carbon
Monoxide (CO) which causes green house effect are
broken down before they are released into the
atmosphere.
othe muffler resonates, it decreases some of the engine
noise before allowing the gases to exit through the end of
the muffler

14. One of the easiest ways to quiet the bike’s exhaust is to
switch back to the factory-installed mufflers and pipes.
. Other methods involve purchasing mufflers with
special features like resonators, baffles or materials like
fibre glass.
Motorcycles straight from the factory are the most likely
to be quiet, as manufacturers comply with sound
restrictions in different countries.

15. WWW.wikipedia.
Automobile engineering-volume 2 (Dr. kirpal
singh ).
 AMA (American Motorcyclists Association).
2009.Exhaust System Sound Emissions
Ordinance. Pickerington, OH.

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