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1. ROOT AND STEM
Ravish Yadav

2. 1.PARTS OF A TYPICAL
FLOWERING PLANT:
Root System Shoot System
•Homogenous
•Consist of
Roots and its
Branches
•Homogenous
•Consist of Stem,
branches , leaves,
flowers
PARTS OF PLANT BODY
Vegetative Parts
Reproductive Parts
•Promote
Nutrition and
Growth
•Root, Stem ,
Leaves
•Responsible
for
Reproduction
•Flowers

3. SOME INFORMATION :
Study of external Structure of Plants::”External Morphology”
Study of internal Structure of Plants:”Internal Morphology”
ABOUT ROOTS:
Positively Geotropic: grows downwards
Negatively Phototropic: away from light
Postively Hydrotropic :towards water
Don’t have Nodes Internodes
FUNCTIONS:
•Fixation
• Anchorage (hold to soil)
•Nutrition( pass nutrients)
•Gas Exchanger( soil to plant)
•Food storer ( become swollen)
•Food manufacturer
•Aerial roots absorb moisture from air

4. 2. PARTS OF A ROOT AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS

5. 2.(A) TYPES OF ROOTS
Tap Roots Fibrous Roots
•Develops from radicle
•Grow Vertically downwards
into :
•Primary root
• Secondary Roots
•Tertiary Roots
•Roots are in ”Acropetal
Succession” Old at base,
young at top
•Present in Dicot plants
Grow
horizontally
•Develops from any other
part then Radicle
•They have equal sized
growth of roots
•Also called” Fibrous root
system”
•Present in Monocot
plants

6. 5.1.2 MORPHOLOGY AND FUNCTIONS OF STEM:
1. Describe in Shoot system “Aerial part of plant”
2. Can be defined as ,
Ascending part :moves upwards
develops from plumule
divided In nodes and Internodes (refer diagram )
3.Is, Positively Phototropic: Moves towards
light
Negatively Geotropic and Hydrotropic:
moves away from soil and water

7. BUDS : Young shoot containing young leaves
There are two types of Buds
Vegetative Buds: Buds
which develop in branches
Floral buds : buds
developing in flowers
ACCESSORY
BUDS (extra
buds)
ADVENTITIO
US BUDS

8. FUNCTIONS OF STEM:
1. Give Support to plant body
2. Conduct Water, Minerals
3. Food Transporter
Can also, store food,
1. proliferation and propogation,
2. Produce support for climbing
3. Offer protection ( spines)

9. MODIFICATION OF STEMS :
I) UNDERGROUND MODIFICATIONS :
TUBER
RHIZOME
BULB
CORM

10. II) SUB- AERIAL MODIFICATIONS :

11. 5.1.3 MORPHOLOGY AND FUNCTIONS AND PARTS OF
LEAF:

13. FLOWERS

14. PARTS OF A FLOWER

16. FRUITS

18. SIMPLE FRUITS

19. AGGREGATE FRUITS
COMPOSITE
FRUITS