You will also learn: * Common symptoms of dyslexia by grade-level * Research supporting the differences in the dyslexic brain * Practical Orton-Gillingham principles that you can use right away with your dyslexic student or child.

1. Reading Horizons presents:
Dyslexia:
From Symptoms to
Solutions

2. “Dyslexia is not a disease to have
and to be cured of, but a way of
thinking and learning. Often it’s a
gifted mind waiting to be found and
taught.”
-Girard Sagmiller, “Dyslexia My Life”

4. What is dyslexia?
Dyslexia: A significant reading
disability in people with normal
intelligence.
There is now definite proof that
dyslexia is a very real neurological
disorder.

5. Dyslexia
Yale Study
with
Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (MRI)
61 Students: 29 Dyslexic

6. Primary visual
cortex
Inferior
frontal
gyrus Visual
perception
Angural
gyrus
Superior
temporal
Unimpaired gyrus
Student

7. Inferior
frontal
gyrus Visual
perception
Dyslexic (Attempts to convert
visual information
Student into sounds)

8. Research Shows:
Dyslexic students “can learn
these relationships with intensive
phonics training. . . After more
than a century of frustration, it
has now been shown that the
brain can be rewired.”
Dr. Sally Shaywitz

9. Overcoming Dyslexia
by Dr. Sally Shaywitz
Knopf Publishing, New York (2003)
ISBN: 0-375-40012-5

10. Word Processing and Storage
• Word Form Storage: phonological (sound),
orthographical (symbol), morphological
(roots and affixes, parts of speech)
• Phonological Loop: time-sensitive
coordination of phonological codes (eye to
Mouth to ear)
• Orthographic Loop: time-sensitive
coordination of orthographic codes (ear to
HAND to eye)

11. Symptoms of Dyslexia
• Difficulty linking letters with sounds
• Difficulty with multi-syllable words
• Fluency and rhythm of reading
• Poor spelling
• Poor handwriting
• Difficulties learning a foreign language
• In emotional pain

12. Dyslexia’s effects on reading
• Trouble reading unfamiliar words
• Omitting parts of words when reading
• Fear of reading out loud
• Reading is slow and tiring
• A reliance on context to discern meaning
• Oral reading is choppy and labored
• Avoidance of reading for pleasure

13. Key to success…
• Avoid as much frustration as possible

14. Working Memory
Working memory, or executive function, helps a student
do several things:
– Filter inputs so they know what information to pay attention to,
– Prioritize inputs so they know what information is most
important,
– Categorize inputs so they know what types of information they
are working with, and
– Connect inputs to previous knowledge so they know how new
information relates to what they already know.

15. Solutions
• Teach Orton-Gillingham Principles
– Multi-sensory
– Systematic
– Logical sequence
– Oral language
– Written language

16. Solutions

17. “Systematic phonics instruction has been used
widely over a long period of time with positive
results, and a variety of systematic phonics
programs have proven effective with children of
different ages, abilities, and socio-economic
backgrounds. These facts and finding provide
converging evidence that explicit, systemic
phonics instruction is a valuable and essential
part of successful reading program.”
~ National Reading Panel Report

18. Types of assessments
http://athome.readinghorizons.com/assessments/index.aspx
• Word Recognition
• Phonemic Awareness
• Most Common Word
• Word Segmentation

19. Should I get my child tested?
Pros Cons
•Diagnosis provides •Fear of “label”
help by law •Expensive
•Understand solution •Where to get a
test?

20. Appropriate Reading Rates
Reading fluency, as defined by Dr. Neil
Anderson, is "reading at an appropriate
rate with adequate comprehension"
(Anderson, 2008, p. 3).
What is an “appropriate rate?”

21. Silent Reading Rates Oral Reading Rates
1st grade: 80 wpm 1st grade: 53 wpm
2nd grade: 115 wpm 2nd grade: 89 wpm
3rd grade: 138 wpm 3rd grade: 107 wpm
4th grade: 158 wpm 4th grade: 123 wpm
5th grade: 173 wpm 5th grade: 139 wpm
6th grade: 185 wpm 6th grade: 150 wpm
7th grade: 195 wpm 7th grade: 150 wpm
8th grade: 204 wpm 8th grade: 151 wpm
9th grade: 214 wpm
10th grade: 224 wpm
11th grade: 237 wpm
12th grade: 250 wpm
College or University: 280 wpm

22. Access Your Free E-Book
http://readinghorizons.com/resources
/disabilites.pdf

23. Please visit:
www.ReadingHorizons.com
Shantell@ReadingHorizons.com
Erika@ReadingHorizons.com