nomenclature of organic compound

1. IUPAC

2. CLASSIFICATION
(1) Main types of Classifications
- Aliphatic / Aromatic
Aromatic  molecule contains benzene
Aliphatic  not contains benzene
- Saturated / Unsaturated
Saturated  single bonded Cs
Unsaturated  double / triple bonded Cs
2

3. CLASSIFICATION
(1) Main types of Classifications
- Acyclic /Alicylic / heterocyclic
Acyclic  open chain molecule
Alicylic  closed HC ring structure
Heterocyclic  closed HC ring structure one or more N,O or S
atom
- HC / Substituted HC (with O,N, S, X)
3

4. CLASSIFICATION
(1) Main types of Classifications
- Oxygenated, Acyclic, saturated, Aliphaticcompound
(2) Classification based of Functional Group
- Alkane, alkene, Amine, acids, nitro, halides…
4

5. CLASSIFICATION
Types of Carbon atoms
5

6. NOMENCLATURE
General :
1. Write the parent name
2. Write prefix name of substituents.
3. arrange all
6

7. NOMENCLATURE
General :
7

8. NOMENCLATURE
General :
8

9. NOMENCLATURE
Priority order for the principal functional group with suffix
9

10. NOMENCLATURE
1

11. NOMENCLATURE
Parent HC chain (alkane)
1

12. NOMENCLATURE
1

13. NOMENCLATURE
- Parent name = pentane
- Name the substituents = 3,3-dimethyl
- Combine all = 3,3-dimethylpentane
Alkane
1

14. NOMENCLATURE
Alkene
- Parent name = 2-pentene
- Name the substituents = 2-methyl
- Combine all = 2-methyl-2-pentene
Alkadiene
- Parent name = 1,3-butadiene
- Name the substituents = nill
- Combine all = 1,3-butadiene
1

15. NOMENCLATURE
Halo alkane
- Parent name = butane
- Name the substituents = 1-chloro-2-methyl
- Combine all = 1-chloro-2-methylbutane
- Parent name = pentane
- Name the substituents = 1-bromo-3,3-dichloro
- Combine all = 1-bromo-3,3-dichloropentane 1

16. NOMENCLATURE
Alcohol Alkane – e+ ol = alkanol
- Parent name = butanol
- Name the substituents = 3-methyl
- Combine all = 3-methylbutanol
Alkane + diol = alkanediol
Alkane + triol =alkanetriol
- Parent name = 1,2,3-propanetriol
- Name the substituents = nil
- Combine all = 1,2,3-propanetriol (Glycerol) 1

17. NOMENCLATURE
Ether
Alkoxyalkane
- Parent name = hexane
- Name the substituents = 2-ethoxy-5-methyl
- Combine all = 2-ethoxy-5-methyl hexane
1

18. NOMENCLATURE
- Parent name = butanal
- Name the substituents = 3-methyl
- Combine all = 3-methylbutanal
Aldehyde Alkane – e+ al = alkanal
1

19. NOMENCLATURE
Ketone Alkane – e+ one = alkanone
- Parent name = 2-hexanone
- Name the substituents = 4-methyl
- Combine all = 4-methyl-2-hexanone
Alkane + dione =alkanedione
- Parent name = 2-4-hexanedione
- Name the substituents = nil
2
- Combine all = 2-4-hexanedione

20. 4-bromo-2,4-
dimethylhexane
2-
methylpentanal
5-bromoheptan-2-
ol 5-bromo-2-
heptanol
Methanal
(Formaldehyd
e)
NOMENCLATURE
2

21. NOMENCLATURE
2
Carboxylic acid
Alkane – e+ oic acid = alkanoic acid
- Parent name = pentanoic acid
- Name the substituents = 4-bromo
- Combine all = 4-bromopentanoic acid

22. NOMENCLATURE
Carboxylic acid derivative
Acid chloride  alkanoic acid – ic acid + yl chloride
Anhydride  alkanoic acid – acid + anhydride
Amide  alkanoic acid – ic acid + amide
2

23. NOMENCLATURE
Nitro alkane
- Parent name = heptane
- Name the substituents = 3-methyl-4-nitro
- Combine all = 3-methyl-4-nitroheptane
2

24. NOMENCLATURE
Amine
- Parent name = butanamine
- Name the substituents = N-ethyl-N,2-dimethyl
- Combine all = N-ethyl-N,2-dimethylbutanamine
Alkane – e+ amine = alkanamine
2

25. NOMENCLATURE
Cycloalkane
- The ring is the parent hydrocarbon unless the substituent has more
carbon atoms than the ring.
- Parent name = clopropane
- Name the substituents = 1-ethyl-2-methyl
- Combine all = 1-ethyl-2-methylcyclopropane
2

26. NOMENCLATURE
Cycloalkene
2

27. NOMENCLATURE
- Parent name = oxirane
- Name the substituents = 2-methyl
- Combine all = 2-methyloxirane
Epoxide/ Oxiranes / alkene oxides
alkyloxirane
Oxirane
Heterocyclic ring  numbering starts
from hetero atom
2

28. NOMENCLATURE
2,2-dimethyloxirane
3

29. NOMENCLATURE
Polyfuctional groups
Alkene +alkyne = alkenyne
(Alk-en-yne)
3

30. NOMENCLATURE
Polyfuctional groups
3

31. NOMENCLATURE
Polyfuctional groups
- Starting the numbering of C chain
3

32. NOMENCLATURE
Name to structure
3

33. NOMENCLATURE
Name to structure
(Aldol )
3-Penten-2-
one
(α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound)
3

34. NOMENCLATURE
Structural isomerism
3

35. NOMENCLATURE
Naming of isomers (Structural isomerism)
Straight chain  prefix n-
One methyl group attached to 2nd last C of C chain  prefix iso-
two methyl group attached to 2nd last C of C chain  prefix neo-
3

36. NOMENCLATURE
Some prefix groups (as sustituents)
1-
phenylpropanone
3

37. NOMENCLATURE
3

38. NOMENCLATURE
CFC
4
Same functional group with same
locant from both side numbering
 Lowest locant is given to group
that comes first as Alphabetically
first

39. Structure to name
NOMENCLATURE
4

40. Reference:
Organic Chemistry - Bahl & Bahl
Organic Chemistry - Morrison, Boyd