Gas Transmission Cost Savings

© Rooz Parhizkar
 gastec.au@outlook.com
 0403 003 128
The Ultimate
Gas Transmission Solution
to reduce operational costs and export more gas!
Presented by
Rooz Parhizkar
Process / Pipeline / Rotating Machinery Engineer
October 20, 2015
Woodside Auditorium
ENT-PS-06-00

© Rooz Parhizkar
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Modern Gas Transmission Solutions © Rooz Parhizkar / ENERTURBO
 rooz@enerturbo.com.au
 +61 403 003 128
Foreword – Engineering and Arts
Learn the rules like a pro, so you
can break them like an artist.
Pablo Picasso
Factory at Horto de Ebro
Perfection is achieved, not when
there is nothing more to add, but
when there is nothing left to take
away.
Antoine de Saint-Exupery

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A Work of Art

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Single Shaft Gas Turbines
ALSTOM GT 26
GE 7EA

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Double Shaft Gas Turbines

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In Search of Arts in Machinery Design
SGT 600 – A Cool(!) GT by Siemens

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Compressor Station Design
After
Cooler
Gas
Compressor
Suction
Drum
Process
ASV
Hot Recycle
ASV
Cold Recycle
Driver
Basic Layout / Equipment

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Compressor Performance Control
mass flow / volume flow [%]
pressureratio[–]
10
0
5
25 50 100750
Suction throttling
IGV Control
Speed control
Compressor
Surge Line
turndown
Discharge pressure control

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Variable Speed Performance Control
A: Pipeline
B: Refrigeration

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Driver Selection: Gas Turbine / Steam Turbine / (Variable Speed) Electric Motor

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Industrial Gas Turbine
Fuel Gas
Centrifugal
Compressor
Station Inlet
Station Outlet
RecycleSystem
waste
J-T Valve
Heater
Classic Compressor Station Design
GT3 GC3
GT2 GC2
GT1 GC1
GC4
Stand by
GT4
3+1; A Sample Arrangement

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Combined Compressor Station Design
What is already there?
 30% reduction in Fuel Consumption
 30% reduction in Carbon Emission
GT3 GC3
GT2 GC2
GT1 GC1
Heat Recovery
Steam Generator
GC4ST
Condenser
Stand by
CCSD – The Basic Concept
Proprietary material.
Contact
gas@enerturbo.com.au
for more information!

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Combined Cycle Design Criticality
• HRSG Design
 Pressure Levels: 1P/2P/3P
 Arrangement
 Material
 Design Parameters: Pinch /
Approach
 Effects on GT Performance
• Cooling System Design
 Effects on ST Performance
 Effects on Costs:
ST, HRSG, Cooling
 Design Parameter: ITD
• Steam Turbine Design
Contact gas@enerturbo.com.au

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Required Power
Steam Turbine DesignCooling System Design
Steam
Flow
HRSG Design
GTs
Exhaust
Feasible
Economic
END
YES
YES
CCSD Design Procedure
Pipeline
Hydraulic Design
Compressor Operating Point
NONO
NONO

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Combined Cycle Design Considerations
• GT Load Variations
(due to variation of
ambient conditions)
 Monthly Variation
 Coldest Case
 Hottest Case
• Two GT’s out of Operation 
Off-design Conditions

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Dynamic Simulation
• Transient Conditions
• Start-up
• Shutdown
• Load Change
• ST vs. GT
• Different Dynamic Behaviour
• Different Inertia / Response Time
• Three Levels
• Conceptual / Basic Engineering
• Equipment Vendor
• Detailed Engineering

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Dynamic Simulation
A Sample Case: Emergency Shutdown (ESD)
-0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
x 10
4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
PH(kJ/kg)
Q (m3/h)
N=70%
N=89%
N=89.5%
N=100%
N=105%
Surge Line
HGB
CGB
-0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
x 10
4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
PH(kJ/kg)
Q (m3/h)
N=70%
N=80%
N=89.5%
N=100%
N=105%
Surge Line
t=5s
t=6s
GT Driven: Cold Recycle vs. Hot Recycle ST Driven: Cold Recycle

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CCSD International Examples
• Russian Gas Export to West Germany
• Close to Germany – Poland border
• Capacity ≈ 90 MMSCMD ~ 3 PJ/Day
(90 Million Standard Cubic Meter per Day)
• 3 × 25MW-GT + 1 × 20MW-ST
Mallnow Compressor Station

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Arsanjan Compressor Station
 110 MSCMD ~ 4 PJ/Day
 3 × Siemens SGT600
 1 × ST Driven Compressor
Contact
gas@enerturbo.com.au

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Title TBA
The goal that led him on was not impossible, though it was
clearly supernatural: He wanted to dream a man. He wanted
to dream him completely, in painstaking detail, and impose
him upon reality. This magical objective had come to fill his
entire soul; if someone had asked him his own name, or
inquired into any feature of his life till then, he would not have
been able to answer.
from “The Circular Ruins”
by Jorge Luis Borges

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Gas Transmission
System Components
• Gas Pipelines
• Gas Compressor Stations
• Gas Pressure Reduction
Stations

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Modern Gas Transmission Solutions
• Combined Compressor Station Design [CCSD]
• Optimal Pipeline Design [OPD]
 The Ultimate Solution
• Integrated Compressor Station Design [ICSD]
• Turboexpander Equipped Gas Pressure Reduction [TEPR]

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Optimal Pipeline Design
Gas Transmission Competition for 10 BSCMA (Source: ENI)
Motivation

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Optimization Steps
1 - Pipeline MOP: increased to 170 bar
With constant flow;
 Increased L [Less Compressor Stations]
 Decreased D [Smaller Pipe Size]
2 - The pressure loss is so that pressure ratio will be the same
 same turbocompressors will be utilized
3 - Pipe material: API 5L X65 , X70 or X80
4 - Roughness: reduced to 5µm (by internal coating)
+ Combined Compressor Station Design (CCSD)  The Ultimate Solution
Optimal Pipeline Design
Q = 5.747 × 10−4F
Tb
Pb
𝑃1
2−𝑃2
2
GTfLZ
0.5
D2.5 SI Units

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56”, 90 bar, 17 Stations, US$ 5 Billion
110 MMSCMD
4.12 PJ/day
103.5 MMSCMD
3.88 PJ/day
108.5 MMSCMD
4.06 PJ/day
The Ultimate Gas Transmission Solution
Case Study: A Gas Export Trunk Line
52”, 170 bar, 6 Stations, US$ 5 Billion
110 MMSCMD
4.12 PJ/day
 70% Reduction in Gas Consumption !!!

© Rooz Parhizkar
 0403 003 128
 +61 403 003 128
Final Word
Modern adjective /ˈmɒd.ən/
designed and made using the most recent ideas and methods
Gas noun /ɡæs/
a substance in a form like air that is used as a fuel for heating and cooking
Transmission noun /trænzˈmɪʃ.ən/
the process of passing something from one person or place to another
Solution noun /səˈluː.ʃən/
the answer to a problem
As defined by Cambridge Dictionary

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