The imprint of Buddhism on Chinese Art.

1. ART in the TEMPLE:
The Imprint of BUDDHISM in China
I. Introduction of BUDDHISM
II. EARLY BUDDHIST ART in China
III. LATER BUDDHIST ART in China
IV. GOOGLE GALLERY TUTOTIAL

2. The Imprint of Buddhism in China

7. Dharmaraksha & Kashyapa
“sutras”

10. Buddha
Iconography:
1) Ushnisha
3) Shorn Hair
4) Urna
5) Triple-Chin (Middle
Path)
6) Robe made of rags
7) Mudra
8) Mandorla
• Royal Earlobes
• Lotus Throne
(11) -----------------
------------------------- (10)

12. BUDDHIST Cave Temples in China
• Dunhuang (oldest, begun 4th cent AD)
• Yungang (begun 460 AD under Wei)
• Longmen (begun 494)

13. DUNHUANG (aka Mogau) Cave Temples
(begun 4th century AD)

20. “Paranirvana”

21. Preaching the Dharma.
Note DONORS at the bottom, another
feature of Central Asian painting.
Cave 249, Western Wei, around 550
AD

22. Buddha restores the eyesight of five ROBBERS to see the truth of the Dharma.

25.  “Apsaras”

27. YUNGANG Cave Temples
(begun 460 AD under Wei)

37. “Apsaras”

38. LONGMEN Cave Temples
(begun 494 AD under WEI)

49. “1000 Buddhas”

52. ART in the TEMPLE:
Religious Art 6th—10th cent AD
SUI Dynasty: 581-618
TANG Dynasty: 618-906

53. RECAP: Splendor of the Cave Temples
DUNHUANG (Mogao Caves)

56. Religious Art of the SUI (581-618) &
TANG (618-906) Dynasties

57. Gilt Bronze
Buddha Amitabha w/Attendents
584 CE (SUI)

58. Buddha Amitabha on lotus throne
c.593 ce (SUI)
bronze altarpiece

59. Chang’an

60. Chang’An
Market Scene

61. Model of Tang Dynasty Chang’An

62. Gilt Bronze
Buddha Amitabha w/Attendents
584 CE (SUI)
CLUNAS, 98
“mudra”

64. Gilt Bronze
Buddha Amitabha w/Attendents
584 CE (SUI)
  “Bodhisattvas” (“Pure Land”)
  “Heavenly Kings”
  Lions

65. Limestone Maitreya
c. 600-700 AD
(Clunas, p. 100)
“Maitreya”
= “Buddha of the Future”

66.  Limestone Maitreya
c. 600-700 AD

70. Taoist “Heavenly Worthy”
719 AD (Tang Dynasty)
Clunas, p. 101-2

71. Taoist “Heavenly Worthy”
719 AD (Tang Dynasty)

72. Taoist “Heavenly Worthy”
719 AD (Tang Dynasty)

74. LONGMEN Cave Temples
(begun 494 AD under WEI)

76. Buddha ICONOGRAPHY Developments
 Sakyamuni (historical)
 Maitreya (future)
 Amitaba (Pure Land)

77. QUAN-YIN
(“bodhisatva”)

78. Colossal Buddha (YUNGANG)

79. LONGMEN

80. Longmen

81. MAHAYANA Buddhism

82. Longmen

86. Empress WU
Tang Dynasty Ruler:
aka
Wu Zetian (625-705)

97. TANG =
movement

101. BIG GOOSE Pagoda
 NANCHAN Temple
BOTH Tang, both in XI’AN (Chang’an)

102. FAMEN SI

103. “RELIQUARY”
from Famen Si
Clunas, p. 107

104. “RELIQUARY”
from Famen Si
Clunas, p. 107

105. TANG
“Hierarchy of Materials”:
1) Gold/Silver
2) Bronze
3) Stone

106. Embroidery

107. SILK EMBROIDERY
Buddha Preaching
Clunas, p. 108

109. WOOD-BLOCK PRINTING

110. “Diamond
Sutra”

112. TANG Religious PAINTING

113. Tang Dynasty Painting of Guan Yin

114. Guardian King of the North
Hanging Scroll on Silk
Clunas, p. 111

115. Sui & Tang MOTIVES for
Religious Art Patronage:
1) Personal Piety
2) Hopes for Children
3) “ “ Longevity
4) “ “ Ancestors
5) “ “ Power
Art DONORS

116. Dunhuang Yungang (Datong) Longmen
Chinese Buddha Developments

117. Empress WU

118. Dunhuang Yungang (Datong) Longmen

120. ART in the TEMPLE:
10th-14th centuries: Song & Yuan Dynasties
 LIAO Dynasty (907-1125)
 Religious Art of the N. SONG (960-1127)
& S. SONG (1127-1279)
 Buddhist MONKS & the ELITE in S. SONG
 BUDDHIST ART in the YUAN Dynasty
(1279-1368)

121. LIAO Dynasty: 907-1125

122. LIAO Dynasty (907-1125 CE)
“Luohan”
(Buddhist monk)

123. Seated Luohan,
Liao dynasty (907–1125),
ca. 1000
Earthenware with 3-color
glaze; H. 41 ¼”

124. Expressive
Facial
Movement

125. Religious Art of N. SONG Dynasty
(960-1121)

127. Jinci: SHRINE of the GREAT SAGE MOTHER
Clunas, 112

128. Yi Jiang
(wife of Zhou Dynasty Founder King Wu)
 King Wu ruled: c. 1049/45-1043 BCE

129. Empress WU
Tang Dynasty Ruler:
aka
Wu Zetian (625-705)

130. Empress LIU (N. Song, r. 1023-63)

131. Jinci: SHRINE of the GREAT SAGE MOTHER
Clunas, 112

139. 8 Jinci DRAGONS:
Imperial Power & Life-Giving Waters/Rain

141. Religious Art of S. SONG Dynasty
(1121-1209)

142. Southern Song sculptures of BAODINGSHAN Caves:
“10 Kings of Hell”

143. Hell of the iron wheel

144. Hell of excrement

145. Sutra of the Ten Kings of Hell (painting on paper roll)
From Cave 17, Mogao (Dunhuang)
Five Dynasties, late 9th-early 10th century AD

147. 10 Kings of Hell Scrolls

149.  Clunas, p. 114
10 KINGS OF HELL Scrolls

150. 10 KINGS OF HELL Scroll
(c. 1150)

152. Wen Tong,
Bamboos
(N. Song) 
Clunas, p 142
 GOAL: “Reality” of Hell

153. Guan-Yin Developments
Guanyin, ca. 600
Sui Dynasty (581-618)
Stone Guanyin at Longmen Song Dynasty
Tang Dynasty (618-906) (960-1279)

154. Bodhisattva “GUAN YIN” (developments)
Sui dynasty (581–618)
Colored Woodcarving
(N. Wei Period)

155. Guanyin of the Southern Sea,
Liao (907-1125)
or
Jin Dynasty (1115-1234)

157. Song Dynasty

158. Buddhists Monks & the Elite
in Southern Song (1128-1279)
Portrait of the CHAN
Buddhist
monk Wuzhun Shifan,
painted in 1238.
“CHAN”
= “Zen”

160. Yujian, Mountain Market in Clearing Mist (c. 1250)

162. Rain-pulled cloud wisps gather at Changsha
Faint hint of rainbow carries evening’s blush
I like the Market Bridge beyond the public willows
Wine flag flutters, traveler thinks of home.
--Yujian

163. Group Portrait of Chan Monks
Painting on Silk, c/ 1330
Clunas, p. 120

164. Buddhist Art in the Yuan Dynasty
(1279-1368)

166. YUAN Emperor Chengzong
(Grandson of Kubla Kahn)
Ruled 1294–1307)

167. Tripitaka
(“3 Baskets”)

168. THE DIAMOND SUTRA

169. Yamantaka Mandala with
imperial portraits,
Yuan dynasty (1279–1368)

171. SUMMARY:
10th-14th centuries: Song & Yuan Dynasties
I. LIAO Dynasty (907-1125)
II. Religious Art of the NORTHERN
SONG (960-1127) & SOUTHERN
SONG (1127-1279)
III. Buddhist MONKS & the ELITE in
SOUTHERN SONG
IV. BUDDHIST ART in the YUAN
Dynasty (1279-1368)