Vishram Singh - Textbook of Anatomy Upper Limb and Thorax.. Volume 1 (1).pdf
Intelligent tests
1.
2. INTELLIGENCE TESTS
Modern Intelligence tests are divided into two types:
Individual Tests
Group Tests
Individual test : one individual is tested at a time
Group test : group of individuals tested at a time
4. Verbal or Language tests :
These tests make use of language. Here the
instructions are given in words (either in
written or oral form or both). Individuals are
required to use language as well as paper or
pencil for giving the responses. The test
content is loaded with verbal material
5. Non-Verbal or Non-Language tests
These tests involve such activities in which
the use of language is not necessary. The use
of language is eliminated from the test
content and response expect in giving
directions.
6. INDIVIDUAL TESTS:
Two Individual tests stand out in the measurement of
intelligence
Stanford-Binet Intelligence test
Wechsler Bellevue Intelligence Scales
7. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test
Stanford-Binet test(1916) is a new version of Binet-
Simon test
In the year 1905, two French Psychologist Binet and
Simon discover the Intelligence test.
After that in 1916 it was modified by American
Psychologist Lewis Terman with Binet At Stanford
University for current use of Intelligent assessment.
Afterwards, it is known as Stanford-Binet Intelligence
Test
8. Age Group: 2-23 years
Total time : 30 to 90 minutes
In this Version, Terman adopted the system of
calculating IQ using the formula:
I.Q. = (Mental Age/Chronological Age)*100
9. If a child could pass the tests expected of a 6 years old,
then the child is expected to have a mental age 6. His
chronological Age is 6.
I.Q. = (6/6)*100
=100
This test became the Standard IQ test all over the
world
10. The Stanford-Binet measures five
factors of cognitive ability
Fluid Reasoning
Knowledge
Quantitative Reasoning
Visual-Spatial Processing
Working Memory
11. Following are examples of items which a 10
year old is expected to pass:
Vocabulary: Correctly defining eleven words from a
graded list of forty five. The test begins with “Orange”,
“Straw”, “puddle” etc
Block counting: Counting the number of blocks in a
three dimensional picture in which some of the blocks
are obscured.
Abstract Words: Define two of the following: pity,,
curiosity, grief, surprise.
12. Finding Reason :
a) Give two reason why children should not be
noisy in schools
b) Give two reasons why most people would rather
have a motor car than a bicycle.
Word Naming : Naming many words as possible in
one minute.
13. Repeating digits: Repeating in order at least one of
the following sequence:
a) 4-7-3-8-5-9
b) 5-2-9-7-4-6
Detailed scoring instructions are given for each of
them. A list of acceptable and unacceptable answers
are also given
Majority of the items of this test are verbal.
They Measure crystallized ability more than Fluid
Ability.
14. Individual Performance test
As said earlier, the complete non-verbal or non-
language tests of intelligence for testing an
individual at a time come into this classification.
In these tests the contents and responses are in the
form of performance and language is not used at
all. In these tests the items which require
responses in terms of motor activities are included.
15. Block building or cube construction:
Where the subject is asked to make a
structure or design by means of blocks or cubes
supplied to him
Examples are
Merril Palmer Block Building
Koh’s Block Design Test
Alexander’s pass-along test
16. To fit the blocks in the holes:
Test material of such types provides
numerous blocks and a board in which there are
holes corresponding to each blocks. The subject
has to fit the blocks in these corresponding holes.
Examples are,
Seguin Form Board Test
Goddard Form Board Test
17. Tracing a Maze
Test material consists of a series of mazes of
increasing difficulty, each printed on a separate
sheet. The subject is required to trace with pencil,
the path from entrance to exit.
Example:
Porteus Maze test
18. Picture Arrangement
In picture arrangement test the task is to arrange
in series the given pictures whereas in picture
completion test the subject is required to complete
the pictures with the help of given pieces cut of
each picture.
Example
Healy pictorial completion Test
20. As seen above, these tests try to lay stress on one or the
other types of performance. Istead of using one or two
tests a group of performance tested, organized either
into a scale or battery, are used for a comprehensive
picture of an Individual's mental ability
Examples are,
The Pinter Patterson Scale
The Arthur Point Scale
Alexander’s Battery of Performance Test
21. WECHSLER SCALE
The first popular individual test is the Wechsler
Bellevue scale (1938).
Developed by Dr. David Wechsler, a clinical
psychologist
The test measures one’s ability to adapt and
constructively solve problems in the environment
22. Consists of three scales :
1) WAIS -Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test
2) WISC –Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
3) WPPSI –Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale
of Intelligence
23. WAIS : to measure intelligence and Cognitive ability in
adults and older Adolescents (16-74 years)
WISC : intelligence test for children between the ages
of 6 to 16 years
WPPSI : intelligence test for children between the ages
4-6 years
24. In 1939, Wechsler made a modification of Terman’s
formula for IQ. He shifted the Emphasis from
chronological age to the idea of an average score
for that person’s group.
According To this modified system,
I.Q. =(Actual test score/Average score for
norm group)*100
This is known as Deviation IQ because the score
is a measure of how different someone is from the
other in the group
25. Wechsler intelligence test consists of ELEVEN sub-sets
SIX of them are in VERBAL INTELLIGENCE
FIVE of them are PERFORMANCE INTELLIGENCE
26. VERBAL SCALE
Information
Comprehension
Arithmetic
Similarities
Digit Span
Vocabulary
Word Reasoning
One who is good with words and reads a lot to do well
in this part of the test
28. A person has to do as many as these in one and a
half minutes.
Some clinical Psychologists have used these sub
sets to identify brain disorders
It has been found that the verbal test measure
essentially crystallized ability and performance
tests the fluid ability.
29. A Brief description of the subscales of the WISC used
for used for the range of 5 to 15 is given below:
VERBAL SCALE:
a) Information : Answering questions like “What
is steam made of?” or “what is a pepper?”
b)Comprehension: What would you do if you see
someone forget his book when he leaves his seat in
a restaurant?
c) Arithmetic : Solving typical school text book
problems in a given time
30. d) Similarities: Describe how things are alike?
eg. Lion & Tiger
e) Digit Span : Repeating of numbers
f) Vocabulary : Defining words
31. PERFORMANCE SCALE
Picture completion : Identify the missing part in
complex pictures.
Block Design : Pictures of block structure to be
produced by arranging coloured blocks
Picture arrangement : arranging pictures in proper
order so that they may tell a story.
Object Assembly : Making a picture out of scrambled
Jigsaw like pieces.
32. CONCLUSION
The WISC and Stanford- Binet are the most popular
tests
They are regularly used by educational Psychologists
Individual tests which can be administrated only by
highly trained persons.
