4. Climatic factors
Over the past decades, livelihoods have been
affected by:
• frequent drought cycles
• extreme fluctuations in rainfall
• Floods (torrential rains, seasonal streams)
5. None-climatic Factors
• Poverty
• High illiteracy rate (70%)
• Mismanagement of natural resources (Over cultivation, over-
grazing, deforestation etc.)
• Lack of income diversity
• Lack of agricultural inputs (Seeds, machinery, finance etc)
• Certain policies/regulations act as impediment to AC
• Conflict over resources (particularly between farmers and
herders)
• Fires
• Others
6. Mykahaya community
• The village was established in the year 1914,
• Inhibited by 7-8 tribes for very long time
(Gawamah, bargou, Falata, Kenana, Shanabla,
Berti, and others).
• Native Administration is still governing the
community.
• The head of the village is Sheikh
7. Con.
• approximately 186 families, based on the last
census the total number of the citizens is
approximately 2118
• only 30% of them had the opportunity to have
some education
8. Con..
• The community practise traditional rain-fed
agriculture, they cultivate the following:
• Different varieties of sorghum
• Ground nuts
• Sesame
• Hibiscus sp. (Karkadey)
• Vegetables (Tomatoes, melons, cucumber, okra etc.)
- They keep few animals (mainly goats and donkeys
(very important for carrying water).
9. Village institutions and services
• Sheikh (guarding security, resolution of
conflict through agaweed in the village,
connection with the state government
etc.)
• 2 Hafiers
• 1 primary school is available in the village
(for both boys and girls)
• Small market (two days in the week
Saturday and Wednesday)
• Mosque
• Grain-mill
• Health centre
• village cultural club
10. Power Linkages
State Governor
Motamad
Administrative officer
at State level
Omdah
Sheikh
11. Stakeholder and Community participation
• Individual Interviews
• Visits and Surveys
• Focus Group discussion
• Participatory Rural Appraisal
• Interaction with local institutions
12. Individual Interviews
Both men and women were interviewed and consulted
regarding the issues of vulnerability and adaptation
14. Participatory Rural Appraisal
• Participatory Rural Appraisal
Combination of methods were
used to enable the village
community to share,
enhance and analyse their
knowledge of their life and
conditions as well as to plan
and act.
15. Con..
• The stakeholders were able
to identify climate change
vulnerabilities
• They were able together to
identify and plan for
suitable adaptation options
• Community became the
analysers and we became
the facilitators
16. Con..
PRA Analysis of:
• water resources,
• vegetation cover
• and agricultural
for the period
between 1940
and 2010
17. Vulnerability
• Sectors that are extremely vulnerable:
• Water sector
• Agriculture
• Energy
18. Water Sector
Decrease of amount of rainfall
and high variability of its
distribution caused:
• Severe Shortage and lack of
drinking water particularly
during dry season
• High cost (time and money)
• Water-born diseases
20. Agriculture
• Fluctuation/reduction of production
• Deterioration of rangelands/loss of
animals
• Lack of food security
• Cut of trees for charcoal production
(however for subsistence)
• Migration to nearby towns and to
agricultural schemes
• People were forced to adopt
unfavourable seasonal activities
21. Energy
• Vegetation cover deteriorated
very much due to both
climatic and none-climatic
factors
• Women spend 3-4 hrs daily in
collection of firewood from
remote places
• Situation is getting worse and
worse worries about near
future
22. Concerns about gender
• Both women and children work very
hard and for long hours:
• Collecting water
• Collecting firewood
• Cutting and collecting Naal (aquatic
weed)
• They gain very little and miss a lot of
opportunities
23. Identified Adaptation Options;
Water harvesting for drinking (additional Hafier and
rehabilitation of existing ones)
Agriculture
• Water harvesting (terraces)
• Improvement of local indigenous knowledge of early
seeding (locally know as Remeel)
• Introduction of drought resistant /early maturing
varieties (okra, millet, sorghum etc.)
24. Con..
• Production of winter crops such as vegetables
(Egg plants, water melon, tomatoes,
cucumber), at the end of the rainy season in
the course of one of Abu -Habel tributaries
Energy
• Introduction of petroleum liquid gas and
improved stoves
25. Income increasing options
• Expansion of Karkady production (cash crop)
• Introduction sheep fattening for women for
increasing family income/production of , meat, milk
and butter
• Improvement of marketing
• other
26. Capacity Building
• Certain areas that require specific capacity
building were identified
- Water harvesting
- winter cropping
- improved stoves building
- financial training for rotating small grants
- other
- Establishment of a new committee in the community
27. Consultations with relevant institutions, NGOs
and Programmes
• Eco-peace project
• Forest National Cooperation
• Administration of agriculture, natural
resources and animal wealth
• Practical Action/Aydy Al-Nil
• Sudanese Meteorological Society
• Others
28. Sharing of CBAA findings
• The finding of the CBAA were
shared in many national
event and conferences
• Publication of a paper in
gatekeeper
• Currently a paper is being
prepared with Dr. Nooreldin
Ahmed on adaptation
options opportunities and
challenges
