3. Program 1.a sequence of coded instructions that can be
inserted into a mechanism (such as a computer) 2. a complete
plan for solving a problem by the use of a mechanism (such as
a computer) that includes both instructions to be inserted into
the mechanism and plans for human activities such as
interpreting output https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/program
Learning 1. the activity or process of gaining knowledge or
skill by studying, practicing, being taught, or experiencing
something : the activity of someone who learns 2. knowledge
or skill acquired by instruction or study https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/learning
Machine Learning 1. the process by which a computer
is able to improve its own performance (as in analyzing image
files) by continuously incorporating new data into an existing
statistical model https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/machine%20learning
A branch of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer science
which focuses on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the
way that humans learn, gradually improving its accuracy.
https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/machine-learning
4. Human to Human Communication (Heuristics)
Translate an analog part into a heuristic, requires a human to
interpret and execute instructions.
Examples: Rendering, Tech Drawings, Illustrations
Human to Machine Communication (Algorithm)
Translate an analog part into digital form requires a machine to
interpret and exectute instructions
Examples: Toolpaths NC Machine Language Code C++
6. Analog Data (Qualitative) full
spectrum , it may or may not be
quantified. Human senses
experience the world by filtering
segments of analog information
into memories and experiences.
Digital Data (Quantitative)
analog data is quantified into a
numeric format such as ones and
zeros (binary). It forms the basis of
machine language, which relies on
symbols that can be transformed
and manipulated through math or
logic gates.
7.
8. Qualitative Quantitative
Big, Small Meters, Distance
Wet, Soggy Density, Viscosity
Beautiful Fractal Pattern
Fast, Slow Velocity, Acceleration
Heavy, Light, Ultralight Pounds, Weight
The dog is scary Barking, soundwaves, adrenalin
A Happy Child Bio receptors, endorphin
Analog Data Digital Data
Qualitative Quantitative
Implicit & Subjective Explicit & Descriptive
Complex Simple
Biological Mechanical
Emotions Math Engine
Interpretation Observation
Abstract Logic Symbolic Logic
9. Mystery = Analog Data Heuristic = Digital + Human Algorithm = Digital + Machine
10. Heuristic
Mystery Algorithm
Human Speech Symbolic Language High Level Programming Language Machine Language
Singing
Speaking
Consonants/vowels
Pitch and Tone
English
Chinese
Mathematics
Music
BASIC
COBOL
FORTAN
DOS
Binary Code
Numerical Code (NC)
Punch Cards
Clock Gears
Analog
Qualitative
Digital
Quantitative
11. Key Concepts
Developing Software
Video: The Art of Programming (9 min) Discussion about how programmers use
code and creativity to develop new software, just like a composer uses a piano to
compose music https://youtu.be/QdVFvsCWXrA
Video: The Software & Automation Problem 1:56 - 8:50 (7 min) A look at the
evolution of assembly languages since the early days of computing.
https://youtu.be/d4LVp2NiXIY?t=1m56s
From Analog to Digital
Video: Shannon Numbers 40:00 - 51:00 (6:10) Shows the ground-breaking ideas
behind the origin encoding analog data into a code of binary digit, also known as
bits. http://dai.ly/xw5f9l?start=2430
Video: The Joy of Data 19:03 - 29:11 (10 min) How is analog data quantified into
binary code. https://youtu.be/juXcqKj4dcA?t=1143
Video: The infinite pattern that never repeats 12:03 - 18:11 (6 min) Discussion on
quasicrystals and nonrepeating patterns https://youtu.be/juXcqKj4dcA?t=1143
12.
13.
14.
15. PCs Creative Teams
IBM Corporate Culture - Suits “As the leading business computer manufacturer, IBM had a large, loyal
customer base. It also had credibility, which reassured companies that personal computers weren’t just playthings, but
made good business sense. Businesses bought IBM PCs in quantity. Personal computers and workstations ultimately reached
desks at every corporate level..” https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/personal-computers/17/301
Big Blue & the Suits 51:30- 57:13 (5 min) a look at technology from the point of view of technocrats at IBM, a typical
corporate organization based on rules and structure. https://youtu.be/AIBr-kPgYuU?t=51m30s
Homebrew Computer Club - Amateurs “When Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak completed the Apple I, they
didn’t alert the media. They demonstrated it to their soul mates at the Homebrew Computer Club. The Homebrew Club—like
similar clubs—was a forum for sharing ideas. It attracted hobbyists and those eager to experiment, many of whom became
leaders in personal computing.” https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/personal-computers/17/312
Video: The Flower Children of California 28:45 -38:00 (10 min) A different type of computer company emerges, based on
values and philosophy from the 60s, giving rise to Apple Computers. https://youtu.be/AIBr-kPgYuU?t=28m
Xerox Parc - Scientists “Eager to be known as more than a supplier of office copiers, Xerox created the Palo Alto
Research Center (PARC) in 1970. PARC’s modest assignment? Create “the Office of the Future.” George Pake assembled world-
class scientists and engineers—“Architects of Information”—into a hothouse of innovation that flourished for decades. PARC
developed laser printing, graphical user interfaces, Ethernet, digital video, word processing, multi-beam solid-state lasers, very
large-scale integrated circuits (VLSI), and more”. https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/input-output/14/348
Video: Science at Xerox PARC 2:20-9:55 (8 min) XEROX created a culture based on learning and collaboration, giving rise
to the ALTO computer and modern GUIs, but failed to commercialize its discoveries due to a corporate lack of vision.
https://youtu.be/zKWQAXmpohY?t=2m20s
16. Hydraulic Processor, Printing
Library of Alexandria
5th century Classical
Escola de Sagres Navigation
15th Century Renaissance
Coffee Houses Calculators
19th Century Enlightenment
Tang Dynasty Archimedes,
Al-Khwarizmi & Hypathia
Homebrew Computer Club
1980 - 1990
Fairchild IBM Silicon Valley
1950 - 1960.
Xerox PARC
1970 - 1980
Personal Computers
Integrated Circuit Graphical User interface
Astrolabe, Compass Automaton Analytical Engine
Gutemberg, Sofia Brahe, Tullia
d'Aragona & Rene Descartes
Alessandro Volta, Ada Lovelace
Mary Shelly & Charles Babbage
Alan Turing Thomas Watson,
Grace Hopper & Gordon Moore
Steve Jobs, Gary Kindall, Bill
Gates, Steve Wozniac
Jack Goldman, Anita Borg, Adele
Goldberg & Douglas Englebart
17. The Drama of Leadership
Patricia Pitcher, (PhD), is Professor of Leadership
and Dean of the doctoral program in Canada's
oldest and largest business school, Montreal's
École des Hautes Études Commerciales.
In The Drama of Leadership, Pitcher refutes the
common belief that leaders are in short supply
and proves that the corporate talent pool
abounds with potential leaders whose talents
either go unrecognized or are tragically
undervalued. She also disputes popular myths
such as the ability to learn qualities like vision or
leadership through management seminars, and
how companies mismatch candidates based on
old assumptions of corporate values
http://ca.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471148431.html
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2S2G2SOuXbbUEhOc0Y4ek94VTQ/view
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_41.htm
https://www.verywellmind.com/leadership-theories-2795323
18. The Artist They are emotional and moody
and even funny, but to the outside world they
appear imaginative, visionary and intuitive. In
terms of behavior they are daring and
entrepreneurial at while they can see the big
picture they are less preoccupied by details. In
temperament they are nonconformists, open to
new associations and combinations fueled by a
rich fantasy life and strong skepticism used to
challenge conventional thinking, modern or
ancient”. (Pritcher, Drama of Leadership pg 27-
29)
The Crafts(wo)man Described as calm
steady and wise, they often listen and evaluate
options and do not presume to know the
answer right away. The craftsman works easily
with the artist, laughing a their manic ways but
frustrated by their lack of attention to detail.
Their temperament is not particularly
emotional but they do value people's
contributions, pay attention and invest time in
them. (Pritcher, Drama of Leadership pg 31-44).
The Technocrat Someone who
'emphasizes technical conceptions to the
detriment of human consequences’. They have
a strong attachment to studies and rules,
written and unwritten. Their background is
diverse including engineers, consultants and
managers, but what makes them exceptional is
their rigidity backed by their command of facts
and no-nonsense approach to finding the
"truth". (Pritcher, Drama of Leadership pg 45-
54)
Charles Babbage, Steve Jobs, Alan Turing, Bill Gates Grace Hopper, Gary Kindall, Steve Wozniac, Adele Goldberg Tom Watson (IBM), Mike Scully (Apple) David Kearns (Xerox) Steve Jobs (Apple)
19. Mystery Heuristic Algorithm
Department Pure Research Applied Research Operations
Key Objective Discovery Value Added Price / Cost
Logic Inductive Abductive Deductive
Job Task Scientist, Artist Engineer, Designer Manager, Technician
Information Process Mostly Qualitative Both Mostly Quantitative
Leadership Style Artist Crafts(wo)man Technocrat
20. XEROX PARC Team
Butler Lampson
Adele Goldberg Jack Goldman
David Kearns
Lynn Conway
Bert Sutherland Douglas Englebart
Charles Thacker
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_associated_with_PARC
21. Artist Crafts(wo)man Technocrat
Strategy &
Management
Design &
Interface
Science &
Engineering
XEROX PARC Team Structure Personality or Character from Framework
Actual
Position
or
Title
Butler Lampson
Adele Goldberg
Jack Goldman David Kearns
Lynn Conway
Bert Sutherland
Douglas Englebart
Charles Thacker
