THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH QUARRY DUST AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE

1. Presentation on
“THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL FIBER
REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH QUARRY DUST AS
A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE”
Project associates :
BANU S G 2SR14CV012
VEDASHRI U C 2SR14CV116
VEERESH N S 2SR15CV430
VINAY V B 2SR15CV433
Under the Guidance of
HANUMESH B M M. -TECH
Asst. Prof. Dept of Civil Engg
SRI TARALABALU JAGADGURU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
RANEBENNUR
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY. BELAGAVI

2. CONTENTS
2
 ABSTRACT
 INTRODUCTION
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
 OBJECTIVES
 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
 EXPERRIMENTAL RESULTS
 OBSERVATIONS AND DISCUSSIONS
 CONCLUSIONS
 REFERANCES

3. 3
 This present work is an attempt to use Quarry Dust
as partial replacement for Sand in concrete along
with the steel fibers. Attempts have been made to
study the properties of concrete and to investigate
some properties of Quarry Dust reinforced with steel
fibers;
 To investigate the compressive and split tensile
strengths of Crimped steel fiber reinforced concrete
with Quarry dust. In this experimental work natural
Sand was replaced by Quarry dust in the proportion
of 50% and 100%. The Crimped steel fibres (CSF)
were used in the concrete by 1 and 1.5% by volume
fraction.
 After conduction of experiments on the cube and
cylinder specimens, the results showed that, the
incorporation of Crimped steel fiber reinforced
ABSTRACT

4. INTRODUCTION
4
 Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction
material in the world. In the last fifty years, there has been
significant progress in concrete technology.
 The development of the micro-cracks causes elastic
deformation of concrete.
 Plain concrete is a brittle material and having the values of
modulus of rapture and strain capacity is low.
 The addition of fibers in the plain concrete will control the
cracking due to shrinkage and also reduce the bleeding of
water.
 Fibers help to improve the post peak ductility performance, pre
crack tensile strength, fatigue strength, impact strength and
eliminate temperature.

5. INTRODUCTION
5
 Fiber reinforced concrete has been successfully used to
minimize erosion damage in structure such as sluice ways,
spillways, navigation locks and bridge piers where high
velocity flows are encountered.
 Now a day’s river erosion and other environmental issues have
led to the scarcity of river sand.
 The reduction in the sources of natural sand and the
requirement for reduction in the cost of concrete production has
resulted in the increased need to find new alternative materials
to replace river sand
 So that excess river erosion is prevented and high strength
concrete is obtained at lower cost. One such material is Quarry
stone dust, Quarry dust is a sand replacing material by-product
obtained during quarrying process.

6. Table 1 showing the typical chemical properties of quarry dust
and natural sand (Ref: P.Jagadeesh et.al)
6
Constituents Quarry Natural Test
Dust (%) Sand (%) method
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) 62.48 80.78
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) 18.72 10.52
Ferric oxide (Fe2O3) 6.54 1.75
Calcium oxide (CaO) 4.83 3.21 IS
Magnesium oxide (MgO) 2.56 0.77 4032-
Sodium oxide (Na2O) Nil 1.37 1968
Potassium oxide (K2O) 3.18 1.23
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) 1.21 Nil
Loss of ignition 0.48 0.37

7. LITERATURE REVIEW
7
1. Yaghoub Mohammadi and Kaushik (2003)- “The effect of
mixed aspect ratio of fibers on mechanical properties of concrete”
Flat steel fibers of 25 mm to 50 mm long crimped type were mixed
in different proportions with concrete and tested for split tensile,
compressive and flexural strength. It was found that 65% of long
fibers and 35% of short fibers gave the optimum composite
properties
2. Vikrant Vairagade (2012) ) - in his “experimental investigation
on mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete” were
analyzed and finally he was concluded that the result of
compressive strength for M20 grade of concrete on cube and
cylinder specimens with 0% and 0.5% steel fibers for aspect ratio
50 and 53.85 is it observed that for addition of 0.5% fibers shows
slightly more compressive strength than normal concrete.

8. LITERATURE REVIEW
8
3. Elson John (2014) - in this study it was observed that the
“physical properties of the concrete after adding the different
volume fractions of fibers” are used in the concrete. In the mix
design is carried out as per 10262:2009 and Finally the test result
of compressive strength split tensile strength and flexural strength
it can be seen that in the presence of steel fiber there is an
increase in compressive strength split tensile strength and flexural
strength the small in fiber specimen.
4. Ms. P. Sri Lakshmi Sai Teja (2013) – partial Replacement of
Sand with Quarry Dust in Concrete” shows an improved in the
compressive strength of the concrete by replacing the sand with
50% of quarry dust . The specific gravity is almost same both for
the natural river sand and quarry dust. The variation in the
physical properties like particle size distribution and bulking
parameter that which effect the mix design of the concrete.

9. LITERATURE REVIEW
9
5. P. Jagadeesh (2016) – “Influence of Quarry Dust on
Compressive Strength of Concrete” in his study he was partial
replace the quarry dust with 20%,30%,40% and 50%, finally he
was concluded that 50% replacement of sand with quarry dust
shows an improvement in the compressive strength of the
concrete
 Closure: From the literature review it is observed that no work
has been carried out on crimped steel fiber reinforced concrete
with quarry dust as a partial replacement of fine aggregate. So
specific objectives are presented in the next chapter to do
experimental work on crimped steel fiber reinforced concrete
with addition of quarry dust.

10. OBJECTIVES
10
 To evaluate fresh properties of control concrete of M20 grade
and concrete made with 1% and 1.5% addition of crimped steel
fiber by volume of mould and quarry dust as a partially
replacement of fine aggregate. For fresh properties, slump cone
test and compaction factor tests are to be conducted.
 To find out the compressive strength and split tensile strength
of concrete made with 1% and 1.5% addition of crimped steel
fiber by volume of mould with/without quarry dust at 28 days.
 To evaluate the optimum dosage of crimped steel fiber and
quarry dust for M20 grade of concrete.
 Comparison between reference concrete and concrete with
crimped Steel fiber and quarry dust.

11. MATERIALS
11
The following materials are used for proposed work.
 Cement: In this experimental work, Ordinary Portland Cement
(OPC) 43 grade conform to IS: 8112-1989 is to be used. The
specific gravity of cement was noticed as 3.1. the initial and final
setting time was found 30min and 510min respectively. The
compressive strength of cement was found 46.28Mpa at 28days.
Fig 1. Ordinary Portland Cement

12. 12
 Fine aggregate: Locally available river sand belonging to zone II of Is
383-1970 is to be used for the project work. The specific gravity of
sand is observed as 2.64.
Table 2. Physical properties of fine aggregate
Fig 2. Natural Sand
MATERIALS
Particulars
Experimental
Results
specific gravity 2.64
Fineness modulus 3.86
water absorption 1.36%
free moisture
content NIL

13. 13
 Coarse aggregate: Locally available crushed aggregates confirming
to IS 383-1970 is used, The specific gravity of coarse aggregate is
observed as 2.78.
Table 3. Physical properties of Coarse aggregate
Fig 3. Coarse Aggregate
MATERIALS
Particulars
Experimental
Results
specific gravity 2.78
water absorption
1.5%
free moisture
content NIL

14. MATERIALS
14
 Quarry Dust: The quarry dust is the by-product which is formed
in the processing of the stones which broken downs into the fine
aggregates of different sizes. The specific gravity of quarry dust is
observed as 2.86 Table 4. Physical properties of Quarry dust
Fig 4. Quarry Dust
Particulars
Experimental
Results
specific gravity 2.86
Fineness modulus 3.72
water absorption 0.85%
free moisture
content NIL

15. 15
 The fallowing graph showing the difference in partial
distribution of Natural sand and Quarry dust
Fig 5. Partial size distribution of natural sand and quarry dust
MATERIALS

16. 16
 Crimped steel fiber: It is a one of the most commonly
used fiber. Generally, round fibers are used. The
diameter will be 1 mm and 50mm length.
Table 5
Physical properties of crimped steel fibers
(Ref: Elson john et al
Fig 6. Types of steel fibers
 Water: locally available portable water is considered
for making concrete
MATERIALS
S.NO Property Description
1 Equivalent dia (mm) 1.0
2 Specific gravity (kg/m3) 7850
3 Tensile strength (Mpa) 1100
4 Young’s Modulus (Gpa) 200
5 Ultimate elongation (%) 4-10
6
Thermal conductivity
(1%)
2.74
7 Aspect ratio 50

17. METHODOLOGY
17
 The cubes of inner dimensions 150x150x150 mm were cast to find
out the compression strength of mixes. To evaluate the split tensile
strength, cylinders of 150 mm diameter with 300 mm height were
cast. The various trial mixes are done to observe 100 mm slump by
changing w/c ratio, the 100mm slump was observed at 0.53 w/c
ratio, the mixes are designed for M20 grade concrete. Here in the IS
code procedure was adopted with target strength as 26.6 N/mm2 .
 All materials were weighed as per mix design separately. The
cement, natural sand, coarse aggregate, quarry dust and crimped steel
fiber were dry mixed in pan mixer thoroughly till uniform mix is
achieved. Required quantity of water is added to the dry mix. The
fresh concrete was placed in the mould and the compaction was
adopted by mechanical vibrator. The specimens were removed from
moulds after 24 h and placed in water tank for 28 days curing. After
a period of 28 days the specimens were taken out and allowed to dry
under shade, later the specimens are allowed for testing.

18. 18
METHODOLOGY
 The Table 6 shows the mix proportion of concrete
Table 6
Mix proportion
 The Table 7 shows the Mix descriptions of concrete Table 7
Mix descriptions
W/C
Ratio
Water
(kg/m3)
Cement
(kg/m3)
FA (kg/m3)
CA
(kg/m3)
Mix Ratio
(C:FA:CA)
0.53 234.08 372 678.43 1154.13 1:1.82:3.10
Mix
designation
Descriptions
M0 Conventional concrete of grade M20
M1 1% of Crimped steel fibre
M2 1.5% Crimped steel fibre
M3 50% quarry dust
M4 50% quarry dust and 1% of Crimped steel fibre
M5 50% quarry dust and 1.5% of Crimped steel fibre
M6 100% quarry dust
M7 100% quarry dust and 1% of Crimped steel fibre
M8 100% quarry dust and 1.5% of Crimped steel fibre

19. 19
A. Study on Fresh Properties of Crimped Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Quarry dust.
After the batching and mixing, following workability tests are conducted on fresh concrete.
• Slump cone test.
• Compaction factor test
Fig 7. Slump cone test Fig 8. Compaction factor test
EXPERRIMENTAL RESULTS

20. 20
A. Study on Fresh Properties of Crimped Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Quarry dust.
The concrete mixes were prepared based on the mix proportions of Table 7, workability of all mixes
were observed in terms of slump and compaction factor. These results are reported in Table 8.
Table 8
Workability Properties of Concrete
Fig 9. Variation in slump for different mixes
EXPERRIMENTAL RESULTS
Mix
Designation
Slump in
mm
Compaction
factor
M0 110 0.9
M1 103 0.88
M2 95 0.86
M3 96 0.92
M4 90 0.90
M5 86 0.89
M6 89 0.88
M7 83 0.87
M8 78 0.84

21. 21
B. Study on hardened properties of crimped steel fiber reinforced concrete with quarry dust
Following strength tests were conducted on concrete specimens.
 Compressive strength test using 150 mm x 150mmx150mm cube.
 Split Tensile strength test using 150mm dia & 300mm height cylinder.
Fig 10. Compressive strength test Fig 11. Split Tensile strength test
EXPERRIMENTAL RESULTS

22. 22
B. Study on hardened properties of crimped steel fiber reinforced concrete with quarry dust
The compressive strength results for 0% quarry dust and 0,1,1.5% CSF are shown in Table 9.
Table 9
(0% Quarry Dust & 0,1,1.5% CSF)
Compressive Strength at 28 Days
EXPERRIMENTAL RESULTS
Compressive
Avg.
Failure Compressive
Strength
Mix Load (kN) Strength
2
(N/mm ) (N/mm2)
M0 461.07 20.49
529.74 23.54
21.94
490.50 21.80
M1 519.93 22.92
470.88 23.51
23.22
470.88 23.25
M2 549.36 24.41
588.60 26.16
25.28
568.98 25.28

23. 23
B. Study on hardened properties of crimped steel fiber reinforced concrete with quarry dust
The compressive strength results for 50% quarry dust and 0,1,1.5% CSF are shown in Table 10.
Table 10
(50% Quarry Dust & 0,1,1.5% CSF)
Compressive Strength at 28 Days
EXPERRIMENTAL RESULTS
Compressive Avg.
Failure Compressive
Strength
Mix Load (kN) Strength
2
(N/mm ) (N/mm2)
M3 519.93 23.10
500.31 22.23
23.10
539.55 23.98
M4 578.79 25.72
588.60 26.16
25.86
578.79 25.72
M5 637.65 28.34
627.84 27.90 27.64
618.03 27.46

24. 24
B. Study on hardened properties of crimped steel fiber reinforced concrete with quarry dust
The compressive strength results for 100% quarry dust and 0,1,1.5% CSF are shown in Table 11.
Table 11
(100% Quarry Dust & 0,1,1.5% CSF)
Compressive Strength at 28 Days
EXPERRIMENTAL RESULTS
Compressive Avg.
Failure Compressive
Strength
Mix Load (kN) Strength
2
(N/mm ) (N/mm2)
M6 441.45 19.62
392.40 17.44
19.62
490.50 21.80
M7 549.36 24.40
490.50 21.80
20.05
313.92 13.95
M8 470.88 24.41
441.45 19.62
20.78
490.50 21.80

25. 25
Fig 12. Compressive strength result at 28days curing period
EXPERRIMENTAL RESULTS

26. 26
B. Study on hardened properties of crimped steel fiber reinforced concrete with quarry dust
The split tensile strength results for 0% quarry dust and 0,1,1.5% CSF are shown in Table 12.
Table 12
(0% Quarry Dust & 0,1,1.5% CSF)
Split tensile Strength at 28 Days
EXPERRIMENTAL RESULTS
Split tensile Avg.
Failure Split tensile
Strength
Mix Load (kN) Strength
(N/mm2) (N/mm2)
M0 156.96 8.88
166.77 9.43
9.43
176.58 9.99
M1 196.20 11.10
176.58 9.99
11.47
235.44 13.32
M2 196.20 11.10
235.44 13.32
12.38
235.44 13.32

27. 27
B. Study on hardened properties of crimped steel fiber reinforced concrete with quarry dust
The split tensile strength results for 50% quarry dust and 0,1,1.5% CSF are shown in Table 13.
Table 13
(50% Quarry Dust & 0,1,1.5% CSF)
Split tensile Strength at 28 Days
EXPERRIMENTAL RESULTS
Split tensile Avg.
Failure Split tensile
Strength
Mix Load (kN) Strength
(N/mm2) (N/mm2)
M3 225.63 12.77
127.53 7.22
11.28
245.25 13.87
M4 206.01 11.65
215.82 12.21
12.10
215.82 12.21
M5
245.25 13.87
215.82 12.21
13.31
245.25 13.87

28. 28
B. Study on hardened properties of crimped steel fiber reinforced concrete with quarry dust
The split tensile strength results for 100% quarry dust and 0,1,1.5% CSF are shown in Table 14.
Table 14
(100% Quarry Dust & 0,1,1.5% CSF)
Split tensile Strength at 28 Days
EXPERRIMENTAL RESULTS
Split tensile Avg.
Failure Split tensile
Strength
Mix Load (kN) Strength
(N/mm2) (N/mm2)
M6 176.58 9.99
147.15 8.33
8.88
147.15 8.33
M7 186.38 10.54
206.01 11.65
10.35
156.96 8.88
M8 186.38 10.54
206.01 11.65
11.09
196.20 11.10

29. 29
Fig 13. Split tensile strength result at 28days curing period
EXPERRIMENTAL RESULTS

30. 30
From the experimental results and graphs the following observations are made
 The slump of reference mix M0 is 110mm. As the percentage of fibre is
increased in the mix the slump value still decreased. Further when the
natural sand is replaced with quarry dust decrease in the value of slump
can be observed.
 The compaction factor of reference mix M0 is 0.9. As the percentage of
fibre is increased in the mix the compaction factor values decreased.
Further when the natural sand is replaced with quarry dust, compaction
factor values got increased.
 The compressive strength of concrete mix with only natural sand as fine
aggregate without addition of crimped steel fibres is 21.94 N/mm2. The
compressive strength of the concrete mix with addition of 1% and 1.5%
crimped steel fibres with only natural sand is increased by 5.83% and
15.22% respectively.
 The compressive strength of concrete mix with 50% natural sand and 50%
quarry dust without addition of crimped steel fibres is 23.10 N/mm2. The
compressive strength of concrete mix with 50% natural sand and 50%
quarry dust addition with 1% and 1.5% of crimped steel fibres is increased
by 11.94% and 19.65% respectively.
OBSERVATIONS AND DISCUSSIONS

31. 31
 The compressive strength of concrete mix with only quarry dust as fine aggregate
without addition of crimped steel fibres is 19.62 N/mm2. The compressive
strength of the concrete mix with addition of 1% and 1.5% crimped steel fibres
with only quarry dust is decrease by 2.91% and 5.91% respectively.
 The Split tensile strength of concrete mix with only natural sand as fine aggregate
without addition of crimped steel fibres is 9.43 N/mm2. The Split tensile strength
of the concrete mix with addition of 1% and 1.5% crimped steel fibres with only
natural sand is increased by 21.63% and 31.28% respectively.
 The Split tensile strength of concrete mix with 50% natural sand and 50% quarry
dust without addition of crimped steel fibres is 11.28 N/mm2. The Split tensile
strength of concrete mix with 50% natural sand and 50% quarry dust addition
with 1% and 1.5% of crimped steel fibres is increased by 28.31% and 41.14%
respectively.
 The Split tensile strength of concrete mix with only quarry dust as fine aggregate
without addition of crimped steel fibres is 8.88 N/mm2. The Split tensile strength
of the concrete mix with addition of 1% and 1.5% crimped steel fibres with only
quarry dust is decrease by 9.65% and 17.6% respectively.
OBSERVATIONS AND DISCUSSIONS

32. 32
 Use of quarry dust partial replacement of sand decreases the slump
value. Hence decreasing the workability of the concrete. Also as the
fibre volume in the concrete increases, the workability in the concrete
decreases.
 As the quarry dust content in the concrete increased up to 50% increase
in the compressive strength is observed. Further increasing in the quarry
dust content beyond 50% as replacement for natural sand compressive
strength of concrete decreases.
 As the percentage of the steel fibre in the concrete is increased
compressive strength is also increased.
 As the quarry dust content in the concrete increased up to 50% increase
in the split tensile strength is observed. Further increasing in the quarry
dust content beyond 50% as replacement for natural sand split tensile
strength of concrete decreases.
 As the percentage of the steel fibre in the concrete is increased split
tensile is also increased.
 From the studies it is observed that, as the natural sand is replaced with
quarry dust, increase in the values of compressive strength and split
tensile strength can be observed only up to 50% replacement. 50% is the
optimum dosage of quarry dust for natural sand.
CONCLUSIONS

33. REFERENCES
33
 ACI Committee 544, Measurement of Properties of Fiber
Reinforced Concrete, (ACI 544.2R78), American Concrete
Institute, (1978).
 International Journal of Engineering Research and
Development – IJSTE, volume 2 ,issue 4, PP 85-95, July
2014.
 International Journal of Innovative Technology and
Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)-vol 21 Nov 5- Mar 2015.
 IS: 10262-2009, Recommended Guidelines for concrete
Mix. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
 IS: 456-2000 “Indian standard code of practice for plain and
reinforcement concrete fourth revisions

34. REFERENCES
34
 K.Srinivasa Rao, S . Rakesh Kumar A .Laxmi Narayana
(2013) “Comparison of performance of standard concrete
and fiber reinforced standard concrete exposed to elevated
temperature
 Milind V. Mohod, Performance of Steel Fiber Reinforced
Concrete IJCS ISSN: 2278-4721, Vol. 1, Issue 12
(December 2012).
 Nataraja, M. C., Dhang, N. and Gupta, A., “Statistical
Variations in Impact Resistance of Steel Fiber-Reinforced
Concrete Subjected to Drop Weight Test,” Cement and
Concrete Research, Vol. 29, (1999).

35. 35
 Hanumesh B.M-“Experimental Study on the M20 Grade Cement
Concrete Containing Crimped Steel Fibres” Sep-2016-IJSTE
 Elson John et al -“ the physical properties of the concrete after
adding the different volume fractions of fibres are used in the
concrete.” 2014-IJLRST
 Nitin Kumar et al-“ the use of steel fibers as reinforcement
material with concrete” 2015-IJIRSET
 P. Jagadeesh-“ Influence of Quarry Dust on Compressive
Strength of Concrete” 2016-IJSTE
 Ms. P. Sri Lakshmi Sai Teja-“ partial Replacement of Sand with
Quarry Dust in Concrete” 2013-IJSR
 Nataraja et al-“ a study on steel fiber reinforced concrete under
compression” 1998-IJRET
 Sabapathi and Achyutha-“ stress-strain characteristics of steel
fiber reinforced concrete under compression” 1989-IJSER
 Ganesan and Ramana Murthy-“ the stress – strain behavior of
short, confined, reinforced concrete column with and without
steel fibres” 1990-IJTRA
 Anzar Hamid Mir-“ Improved Concrete Properties Using Quarry
Dust as Replacement for Natural Sand” Mar-2015-IJEART
REFERENCES

36. 36
IJRASET – International Journal for Research in
Applied Science & Engineering Technology

37. 37
Thank you