Principles & Foundation of physical education

1. Department of Physical
Education
WELCOME YOU ALL
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2. PROGRAM: BPES
COURSE NAME: Principles and Foundations of
Physical Education
COURSE CODE: A703502
TOPIC: UNIT 1 (Principles and Foundation of
Physical Education)
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3. Course Outcomes: On successful completion of this
course, the students will able to learn:
CO Statement
CO1
To understand the meaning of physical education.
CO2
To understand the scope of physical education.
CO3
To understand the aims and objectives of physical education.
CO4
To understand the leadership in physical education in society.
CO5
To understand the qualities of leader in society.

4. UNIT I: INTRODUCTION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Delbert Oberteuffer - Physical Education is the sum of those experiences which
come to the individual through movement.
Charles A. Bucher - Physical Education is an integral part of the total educational
process. It is a field of endeavour that has as its aim the improvement of human
performance through the medium of physical activities that have been selected
with a view to realizing this outcome.
Jesse Feiring Williams - Physical Education is the sum of man’s physical activities
selected as to kind, and conducted as to outcomes.
Jay B. Nash - Physical Education is that phase of the whole field of education that
deals with the big muscle activities and their related responses. To sum up, Physical
Education is a process of education which aims at the holistic development of an
individual by using physical activity or body movement.
DEFINITION

5. Physical Education uses physical activity or movement to bring about positive changes in the
physical, mental, and emotional make-up of an individual. It is a broad field of education which
deals with the relationship between physical wellbeing and movement and other domains of
education. Physical Education is a combination of two separate words, physical and education.
The first word is physical which means related to body or related to any one or all of the bodily
characteristics, that include physical strength, physical endurance, physical fitness, physical
appearance and physical health. And, the second word is
education which means preparation for life or systematic
instruction and training. When we look at the combined
meaning of these two words, we can understand that
physical education is a systematic training of an individual.
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MEANING

6. IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Sports and games play an important role in the development of human personality. They
are no less important than food and fresh water. It is interesting to note that there are
many nurseries and training centres for games in most of the developed countries.
• Optimum development of child’s physical growth
• Intellectual development • Emotional development
• Social development • Personal development
• Character building • Physical fitness
• Development as a disciplined citizen of the country
• Neuromuscular development • Cultural development
• Developing leadership qualities • Better understanding
• Healthy and safe environment • National integration.
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7. AIMS & OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
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8. SCOPE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
The following are the scope of physical education:-
• Corrective Exercises: Corrective exercises help to remove the deformities in the body of a
child. Sometimes these defects are there because of defects in muscle development.
• Games and Sports: Various team games like hockey foot ball, cricket basketball and volley ball
etc and individual events like athletics, wrestling, boxing judo and archery are included in the
programmers of physical education.
• Rhythmics: Gymnastics, Leziums, Dance, mass physical training and Dumb bell etc. are
rhythmical activities necessary for rhythm and balance. Rhythmical activities are also
included in the programmes of physical education.
• Self Defense activities: Hiking, Trekking, Judo, karate and self defense activities are included in
the programmes of physical education.
• 5. Recreational activities: Recreational activities like minor games, chess, carom, horse riding,
education campus, hunting, folk dance, fishing etc are included.
• 6. Yogic activities: Yogic activities such as Asana Pranayama Kiryas etc are included in Physical
education

9. PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
The following are the principles of physical education:-
1. Specificity - This principle, also known as the SAID (specific adaptations to imposed demands)
principle, simply means that how you train will directly affect your exercise response.
The more closely the training programme matches the following factors, the greater its chance
for Success.
2. Overload - This is a demand placed on the body greater than it is
accustomed to. In order to determine the overload, one must first
evaluate the individual's critical physiological variables (specificity)
and then consider the following three factors:-
Frequency, Intensity and Duration.
3. Adaptation – It occurs during periods of rest, when the body
recovers from the acute homeostatic disruptions and/or residual fatigue and, as a result, may
compensate to above baseline levels of physiological functioning. This is sometimes called super-
compensation.

10. 4. Maintenance/Regularity - This is about sustaining an achieved adaptation with the
most efficient use of time and effort. The individual will have reached an acceptable
Level of physical fitness or training and the amount of time and effort required to
maintain this adaptation will depend on the physiological systems involved. More time and effort
are needed to maintain adaptations in the cardiovascular system than in the neuromuscular
system and, generally, intensity is the key to maintenance.
5. Individualisation - Individuals require personalised exercise prescriptions based on their
fitness levels and goals, and individuals will adapt differently to the same training programme.
The same training overload may improve physiological performance in one individual, maintain
physiological and performance levels in the second individual, and result in maladaptation and
performance decreases in the third.
6. Warm-Up/Cool-Down – A warm-up prepares the body for activity by elevating the body
temperature, in contrast to a cool-down which allows for a gradual return to normal body
temperature. The best type of warm-up is specific to the activity that will follow and should be
individualised to avoid fatigue.

11. PHILOSOPHY AND REVIEW OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Before Independence very little has been written about the state of physical education in ancient
India. Many of the historian have devoted very little space to the aspect of Indian history through
Indus valley civilization was at its apex when most nation of the Europe had not opened their
eyes. The greatest drown back in our civilization, without doubt, has been that the people never
kept the written records of their culture and political adventures. Whatever we have received
from our ancient people as our heritage based on traditions and costumes, hearsays or legends is
whether really reliable, cannot be said with certainty, but excavation at prehistoric sites like
Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa etc. That reminds us of a great
civilization existing about 2500 years ago, revel that there
were gigatic public baths as we find in later Roman period,
where people used to do some exercise to keep themselves
physically fit. Oil massaging seems to be a widely known to
ancient people.
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12. In fact, the history of physical education in India can not be studied along with the
classification of various periods of political history of Indian which is divided into
following ages:
1. Vedic age (2000-1000 B. C.)
2 Epic age (1000-600 B. C. )
3 Historical age (600 B. C.)
4 Nalanda period (300 A. D.)
5 Rajput period (300 to 1200 A.D.)
6. Muslim period (1200 to 1750 A. D.)
7 British period (up to 1947)
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a_IBA&bih=625&biw=1349&hl=en#imgrc=Ns6_7wzY57JjSM

13. LEADERSHIP IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a
common goal. He/she is the person in the group who possesses the combination of personality and leadership skills
that makes others want to follow his/her direction.
Leadership can be defined as a certain set of characteristics, behaviour or style thatone exhibits on a day to day
basis, through one’s thoughts, words, and actions.
“It is better to lead from behind and put others in front,
especially when you celebrate victory when nice things
occur. You take the front line when there is danger. Then
people will appreciate your leadership”.
– Nelson Mandela
“The greatest leader is not necessarily the one who does the greatest things. He is the
one that gets the people to do the greatest things.”
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14. QUALITIES OF A LEADER
LEADER

15. IMPORTANCE OF THE LEADERSHIP
1. Motive Power to Group Efforts.
2. Co-ordination
3. Builds work environment
4. Creating confidence
5. Providing guidance
6. Integration of Formal with Informal Organizations
7. Emphasis on Human Performance
8. Crisis Management
9. UNITY
10.Helps employees in fulfilling their needs
11.Influencing the behaviour of peoplE
12.Training and Development of Teammates
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16. • Charles A. Bucher: Foundations of Physical Education.
• Harold M. Barrow: Man and His Movement :Principles of Physical Education.
• J. F. Williams: Principles of Physical Education.
• Cowel & France : Philosophy and Principles of Physical Education.
• Updyke & Johnson : Principles of Modern Physical Education, Health and
Recreation.
• ML. Kamlesh & : Principles and History of Physical M.S. Sangral Education,
1977.hp
TEXT BOOKS

17. Any questions and queries
then you can contact
Mr. SANYAM JAIN
SJAIN95.03@GMAIL.COM
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