4. o There are two ways to harness solar energy.
Passive systems
are structures whose design, placement, or
materials optimize the use of heat or light directly
from the sun.
Active systems.
have devices to convert the sun’s energy into a
more usable form, such as hot water or electricity.
o Passive systems.
o Active systems.
5. Passive systems
are structures whose design, placement, or
materials optimize the use of heat or light directly
from the sun.
o Installinglarge south facing windows.
o plantingshade trees.
o and using Trombe walls.
o Absorptive materialsthat store heat
during the day and slowly release it at
night,
6. o Photons from the sun displace
electrons.
o Displaced electronsflow
through electrical grid.
o Movement of electrons creates
electricity.
o Electronscycle back to fill hole
created by photon.
7.
8. o Wind is an inexhaustible
source of energy.
o It is transformed into
electricityusinga wind
turbine.
o The intensityof wind varies by
region and season.
9. o Wind turnsthe rotor blade.
o Generators convert energy.
o Winds kinetic energy turns into
rotational energy and then into
electricity.
10.
11.
12. o Geothermal energy is the use of the heat below the Earth's surface.
o It can be used for heating and cooling houses.
o Aswell well as utility-scaleelectricity.
o There are two ways to harness geothermal Energy:
Geothermal Heat Pumps Geothermal Power
Plants
13. o fluid runs through pipes buried 10 to 300 feet
undergroundor underwater,to absorb the heat.
o The liquid then is compressed in a heat pump and its
stored heat is released through air ducts in the building.
o The cooling process is just the reverse.
14. o Geothermal energy is accessed by drillingdeep
wells.
o To tap steam and hot water from underground
reservoirs.
o The steam drives turbinesto generate electricity.
15.
16. Hydroelectric energy is a form of renewable energy that uses the power of moving water
to generate electricity.
o There are two main types of hydropower:
River Ocean
17. o Dams.
o Large hydropower dams on major rivers are the most developed generators of water energy.
o Pumped storage or reservoirplants store water in a reservoir.
o Run-of-the-river.
o use low-level dams to increase the difference
between the water intake level and the
turbine.
o In this case, the natural river flow
generates electricity.
o Current.
o Current generation works similarly to a
wind turbine, but underwater.
18. o Tidal Barrage.
oHarnesses the predictable cycle of energy produced by the tides.
oWorks similarly to a large hydrpower reservoir dam, but it is placed at the entrance to a bay
or estuary.
o Tidal Current.
o Similar to river current technologies.
o turbines anchored to the ocean floor or suspended from a buoy.
o Wave.
o A variety of technologies are being tested to convert wave energy into electricity.
o Most systems capture energy on the surface of waves or use pressure differences just below
the surface.
19.
20. o Biomass refers to crops, residues,and biological materials that can be used as a substitutefor
fossil fuels in the production of energy and other products.
o Biological mass can be used to create:
o Renewable electricity.
o Thermal energy.
o Transportation fuels.
21. o The energy stored in biomass can be released to
produce renewable electricityor heat.
o Biopower can be generated through combustion or
gasification of dry biomass or biogas (methane) captured
through controlledanaerobic digestion.
o Combined heat and power (CHP) operations often
represent the most efficient use of biomass (utilizing
around 80 percent of potential energy).
o These facilitiescapture the waste heat and/or steam from
biopower production and pipe it to nearby buildingsto
provide heat or to chillersfor cooling.
22. o A number of transportation fuels can be produced from biomass.
o Ethanol from corn and sugarcane,and biodiesel from soy, rapeseed, and oil palm
dominate the current market for biofuels.
o companies are moving forward to develop advanced second-generation biofuels made
from non-food feedstocks,such as municipal waste, algae, perennial grasses, and wood
chips.
23. o Biomass can also provide a renewable
substitutefor products and materials made
from petroleum or natural gas.
o Biobased foams, plastics,fertilizers,
lubricants,and industrial chemicalsare a
few of the possibilities.
