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Power point 16. The Classic Era: Early Classic Italian Opera

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Scott Marosek
Scott Marosek

Power point 16. The Classic Era: Early Classic Italian Opera

Formation
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The Classic Era 1750-1820
Early Classic Italian Opera: Opera ca. 1750
•small cast: –castrati: •primo uomo—leading man •secondo uomo –sopranos: coloratura or lyric •prima donna--leading lady •seconda donna –tenor: father, king, mentor •da Capo aria •aria @ end of scene, culminates in singer’s exit •occasional duet •few large ensembles •Alessandro Scarlatti, Handel •Johann Adolph Hasse –Italian operas in Germany –Cleofide Metastasio (1698-1782) •libretti set by many composersOpera seria Hasse
Intermezzo • short comic opera performed between acts of an opera seria • 2 acts • each act 2 or 3 da capo arias & secco recitatives, concludes with duet • 2 singing roles – buffo bass – soubrette soprano • 1 or 2 mute characters • commedia dell’arte was model • Pergolesi, La Serva Padrona Pergolesi Opera Buffa • full length comic opera • large cast • ensemble finale • influenced by intermezzo
commedia dell’arte • masked Italian street theatre • regional dialects Dovelike, gentle, Harlequin’s female counterpart, servant, soubrette ColumbinePulcinella hunchback, large nose, servant Harlequin nimble, witty, capriccious heartless lover, servant, stupid, gluttonous Scaramouche cowardly soldier, conquests in love & war Patalone miserly old merchant Il Dottore boring, old lawyer, lengthy speeches
• Jomelli: – Italian – operas in Italy and Germany • J.C. Bach: – German – operas in London • Traetta – Italian – operas in Russia Italian Opera Popular throughout Europe
Christoph Willibald Gluck •Opera Reform –unified theatrical production •ballet, chorus integrated with action –music expresses drama •fewer da capo arias •levels of recitative (secco to accompagnato) lead into aria •simplicity—no superfluous ornamentation •overture leads into 1st scene •Sturm und Drang: “Storm and Stress” –German literary & dramatic movement –goal is to frighten, shock, overcome with emotion •in opera, emphasized by music, costumes, staging – Orfeo ed Euridice, “Furies scene”

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Power point 16. The Classic Era: Early Classic Italian Opera

  • 2. Early Classic Italian Opera: Opera ca. 1750
  • 3. •small cast: –castrati: •primo uomo—leading man •secondo uomo –sopranos: coloratura or lyric •prima donna--leading lady •seconda donna –tenor: father, king, mentor •da Capo aria •aria @ end of scene, culminates in singer’s exit •occasional duet •few large ensembles •Alessandro Scarlatti, Handel •Johann Adolph Hasse –Italian operas in Germany –Cleofide Metastasio (1698-1782) •libretti set by many composersOpera seria Hasse
  • 4. Intermezzo • short comic opera performed between acts of an opera seria • 2 acts • each act 2 or 3 da capo arias & secco recitatives, concludes with duet • 2 singing roles – buffo bass – soubrette soprano • 1 or 2 mute characters • commedia dell’arte was model • Pergolesi, La Serva Padrona Pergolesi Opera Buffa • full length comic opera • large cast • ensemble finale • influenced by intermezzo
  • 5. commedia dell’arte • masked Italian street theatre • regional dialects Dovelike, gentle, Harlequin’s female counterpart, servant, soubrette ColumbinePulcinella hunchback, large nose, servant Harlequin nimble, witty, capriccious heartless lover, servant, stupid, gluttonous Scaramouche cowardly soldier, conquests in love & war Patalone miserly old merchant Il Dottore boring, old lawyer, lengthy speeches
  • 6. • Jomelli: – Italian – operas in Italy and Germany • J.C. Bach: – German – operas in London • Traetta – Italian – operas in Russia Italian Opera Popular throughout Europe
  • 7. Christoph Willibald Gluck •Opera Reform –unified theatrical production •ballet, chorus integrated with action –music expresses drama •fewer da capo arias •levels of recitative (secco to accompagnato) lead into aria •simplicity—no superfluous ornamentation •overture leads into 1st scene •Sturm und Drang: “Storm and Stress” –German literary & dramatic movement –goal is to frighten, shock, overcome with emotion •in opera, emphasized by music, costumes, staging – Orfeo ed Euridice, “Furies scene”