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Blockchain Basics and Future Uses - Long
- 1. BLOCKCHAIN BASICS AND FUTURE USES LAUREN LONG SCIENCE DISTRIBUTED BLOCKCHAIN IN HEALTH RESEARCH 2019: INTEGRATED FUTURE GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
- 2. Georgetown Apr2019SCIENCE DISTRIBUTED - HTTPS://SCIENCEDISTRIBUTED.COM/ 2 BLOCKCHAIN BASICS • Distributed Ledger Technology • Time-stamped, immutable record • Blockchain is a framework, Bitcoin is an application • Peer-to-peer network for sharing and validating • Gossip protocol and consensus algorithm • Each chunk of data (a block) is bound to the next by cryptographic principles (chain)
- 3. Georgetown Apr2019SCIENCE DISTRIBUTED - HTTPS://SCIENCEDISTRIBUTED.COM/ 3 BLOCKCHAIN BENEFITS •Trust •Tamper-resistance •Transparency •Accessibility •Automation
- 4. Georgetown Apr2019SCIENCE DISTRIBUTED - HTTPS://SCIENCEDISTRIBUTED.COM/ 4 BITCOIN BASICS • SHA-256 to create the hashes • A hash-pointer represents the data and address of the previous block • Proof of work aka ‘trial and error’ • Linear hashes restrict the amount of information and speed of transactions • Defined block size • Transaction fees defined by the user
- 5. Georgetown Apr2019SCIENCE DISTRIBUTED - HTTPS://SCIENCEDISTRIBUTED.COM/ 5 BEYOND BITCOIN • Hyperledger: LINUX’s answer to the growing field • Ethereum: “Bitcoin 2.0” • Hashgraph: “gossip about gossip” consensus protocol • Neo: elect “super nodes” to be ‘leaders’ • Proof of _______: various consensus mechanisms • Dagchain: improved scalability, no mining required • MimbleWimble: smaller data footprint and increased security with smaller keys
- 6. Georgetown Apr2019SCIENCE DISTRIBUTED - HTTPS://SCIENCEDISTRIBUTED.COM/ 6 COMMON APPLICATIONS • Supply chain tracking and auditing • Data management and file storage • Proof of ownership/protection of intellectual property • Cryptocurrency and fundraising (ICOs) • eBay type transfers: OpenBazaar • Internet of Things: • Medical devices and Electronic Health Records • Smart homes • Instilling excitement in people!
- 7. Georgetown Apr2019SCIENCE DISTRIBUTED - HTTPS://SCIENCEDISTRIBUTED.COM/ THINKING OUTSIDE THE BLOCK • Real estate and land title registration • Estonian Stock Market and Nasdaq • Prediction markets • Humanitarian/Foreign aid delivery • Improvements on Anti-Money Laundering/Know Your Customer • Personal Data Marketplace: Enigma by MIT and Insilico Medicine, Inc.
- 8. Georgetown Apr2019SCIENCE DISTRIBUTED - HTTPS://SCIENCEDISTRIBUTED.COM/ BLOCKCHAIN AND FAKE BRAINS • AI requires large data sets to “learn” from • Blockchain can provide security and data management • People trade their data even if they don’t know it’s secure • More data = more learning • More learning = better consensus algorithms? Security features? Smart contracts? Virtual agents? • AI can help “write” these. At minimum, run it through far more powerful simulations • Computational intelligence and cryptography to create more robust ciphers security defences
- 9. Georgetown Apr2019SCIENCE DISTRIBUTED - HTTPS://SCIENCEDISTRIBUTED.COM/ CHAINS AND BRAINS • Neural networks • What else uses consensys algorithms? Hebbian learning! • http://www.oncotarget.com/index.p hp?journal=oncotarget&page=articl e&op=view&path%5B%5D=22345 &path%5B%5D=70701 biomed res and healthcare
- 10. Georgetown Apr2019SCIENCE DISTRIBUTED - HTTPS://SCIENCEDISTRIBUTED.COM/ …BUT IT ISN’T PRELOADED WITH ETHICAL RULES • Machine to brain interfaces? Hmm • Not just is a blockchain necessary? • There are plenty of ethical dilemmas about the actual research… don’t let the use of/which blockchain to be another!!
- 11. Georgetown Apr2019SCIENCE DISTRIBUTED - HTTPS://SCIENCEDISTRIBUTED.COM/ BLOCKCHAIN ETHICAL DESIGN FRAMEWORK • Created by Cara Lapointe and Lara Fishbane from Georgetown University • A tool for creating an intentional design incorporating key ethical questions while predicting and preventing unintended consequences • 3 main elements – • Is it necessary? What does it do? • Critically question how decisions in the key consideration areas affect the outcome AND participants? • Is it still doing what it should be doing? • Six root issues • Governance, identity, access, verification and authentication, ownership of data, and security https://beeckcenter.georgetown.edu/blockchain-ethical-design-framework-social-impact/