PRESENTER FAHAD SALEEM

2. Muhammad Fahad Saleem 1-FMS/BSAF/F15
Submitted to:
Tafseer Ismail
International Islamic University Islamabad

3. Presentation Topic:
The emergence of Islam in sub-Continent from 715 to 1557 CE

4.  MUSLIM DYNASTIES IN INDIA’S HISTORY:
Dynasties which ruled independently from Delhi/Agra are labeled as
Provincial Dynasties. Afghanistan was very much a part of India not
only in the days of these dynasties but till as late at the time of
Mughal Dynasties in the eighteenth century.
India had suffered the first attack in 634 CE, only two years after the
death of the prophet Muhammad ‫.ﷺ‬
It was only in 712 CE that an Islamic invasion succeeded in occupying
Sindh, Multan and some parts of the Punjab.

5. Muslim Dynasties:
The Muslim dynasties which functioned from Sindh and Ghazni
undertook destruction of Hindu temples extensively whenever and
wherever they succeeded in occupying Indian Territory. The same
pattern was followed by the Muslim dynasties established at
Delhi/Agra.
An intensive destruction of temples was undertaken by the Muslim
dynasties which arose in the provinces Sindh, Kashmir, Bengal,
Malwa, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh.
Now we discuss the following dynasties, which came in the history
of Indian Subordinates.

6. 1-The Umayyad (661 to 749 CE):
This caliphate was centered on the Umayyad dynasty (Banu ʾUmayya,
"Sons of Umayya) hailing from Makkah. Umayyad Caliphate covered
15 million km2 and 62 million people (29% of the world's population),
making it the fifth largest empire in history in both area and population
vise.

7. It has two rulers:
 Al-Walid I:
Al-Walid I was born in 668 and died in 715 CE. He ruled from 705
until his death in 715 CE. It was during his reign that one of his
general, Muhammad bin Qasim, succeeded in occupying Sindh and
some parts of the Punjab between 712 and 715 CE.
 Al-Walid II:
Walid ibn Yazid or Walid II, was born in 709 and died in 744 CE. He was an
Umayyad caliph who ruled from 743 until 744 CE. He succeeded his uncle,
Hisham ibn Abdul Al-Malik.

8. 2-The Abbasids (750 to1258 CE):
This dynasty succeeded the Umayyad and moved the seat of the
Caliphate to Baghdad. Starting with the nineteenth caliph, it had thirty-
seven rulers, the last of whom was killed by Halaku in 1258 CE.

9.  It had thirty five rulers but only two figure in our citations.
 Al-Mansur:
Al-Mansur was born in 754 at the home of the 'Abbasid family after
their emigration from the Hejaz in 714 and he died in 775 CE. It was
in his reign that his governor of Sindh, Hasham bin Amru, led an
expedition on the west coast of India in 756.
 Al-Mahdi:
Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Abdallah al-Mansur (born in 744
and died in 785 CE), was better known by his regnal name Al-Mahdi.
He was the Abbasid Caliph who reigned from 775.

10. 3-The Saffarid Dynasty of Seistan (861 to 1003 CE):
This Dynasty arose when the Abbasid Caliphate had weakened.
He was a Muslim dynasty from Sistan that ruled over parts of eastern
Iran, with its capital at Zaranj (a city now in Southwestern
Afghanistan) from 861 to 1003 CE.

11.  It had 2 rulers both of whom figure in our citation.
 Yaqub bin Laith:
Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar born in Makkah (in 840 and died in
879 CE). He was the founder of the Saffarid dynasty, with its capital
at Zaranj, as well as portions of western Pakistan and a small part
of Iraq.
 Amru bin Laith:
Amru ibn al-Layth was the second ruler of the Saffarid dynasty from 879 to
901 CE. He was the son of whitesmith and the younger brother of the
dynasty's founder.

12. 4-The Qaramitah Dynasty of Multan (980-1175 CE):
After the Saffarids lost their hold on Sindh, Multan separated from the
province and became an independent Muslim kingdom. By 980 it had
become a stronghold of the Qaramitah sect of the Ismailis.

13. 5-The Yamini or Ghaznivid Dynasty (977-1186 CE):
The Saffarid dynasties in Khurasan, Seistan and Zabul had been taken
over by the Ghaznivid Dynasty. The Ghaznivid governor of
Khurasan, occupied Ghazni in 963 CE and declared independence
and became the founder of the Ghaznivid Dynasty which came to be
known as the Yamini.

14. It has three rulers that figure in our citations.
 Ibrahim of Ghazna:
Ibrahim of Ghazna born in 1033 and died in 1099 CE. He was the sultan of
the Ghaznavid dynasty from 1059 CE until his death in 1099 CE.
 Sultan Mahmud:
Yamin-ud-Dawla Abul-Qaṣim Maḥmud more commonly known
as Mahmud of Ghazni born in 971 and died in 1030 CE. He was the most
prominent ruler of the Ghaznavid dynasty. He occupied the eastern Iranian
lands and the northwestern Indian subcontinent.
 Abu Mansur:
Abu Mansur was the founder of the Ghaznavid dynasty, ruling from 977 to
997 CE. He was heavily involved in the defense of Ghazna's independence
for the next 15 years.

15. 6-The Ghurid Dynasty (1149 to 1206 CE):
This dynasty arose in the Ghur region of Afghanistan and had its seat
at Firuz Koh. They have counted the Ghurid rulers from Alaud-Din
Jahansuz who stormed Ghazni in 1149. Ghazni was, however,
occupied by the Oguz Turks. The Ghurid king, Ghiyasud-Din
Muhammad bin Sam, who had succeeded his uncle Alaud-Din
Jahansuz at Firuz Koh, appointed his younger brother, Shihabud-
Din Muhammad bin Sam, as the governor of Ghazni. Shihabud-Din
( born in 1175 and died in 1206 CE) occupied Sindh and Multan.