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Human Resource Evaluation and
     Business Performance
A Study of Contemporary Human Resource Performance Measurement
      Practices and its Association with Business Performance
Agenda




Objectives of the Study
Business Performance Management
Human Resource Evaluation
The Perfect Performance Management System
Linking HR Evaluation Practices with Profitability of firms
Objectives of the Study
   To gain complete understanding of Business Performance
    Management Systems
   To understand the HR Evaluation Practices and critically
    examine them
   To find the link between HR Evaluation Practices and
    Profitability
Business Performance
 Management System
Defining Business Performance
   What is Performance?
   Efficiency and Productivity
   Effectiveness and Efficacy
   Quality
   Dimensions:
       Time Frame
       Time Orientation
       Means or Ends
       Qualitative Vs Quantitative
Why Measure Performance?
   ‗What can‘t be measured, can‘t be improved upon.‘
   Control
   Communication
   Alignment
   Strategy
   Motivation
   Balance and Sustainability
   Objectivity
The Evolution of Performance Measurement
Systems
   Dupont Pyramid
Evolution Contd.
   GE‘s Performance Measures
Evolution Contd.
   Performance Matrix (Keegan, Eiler, Jones)
Evolution Contd.
   SMART Pyramid(Lynch      Fitzgerald‘s Ends and
    and Cross)                Means Model
Evolution Contd.

Macroprocess Model
(Brown)




Business Excellence
Framework (EFQM)
Evolution Contd.
   Balanced Scorecard
Evolution Contd.
   PRISM Model (Adams, Neely)
Human Resource Evaluation
Why Measure HR?
   Big Expenses
   Sustainability and Health of a Company linked to Strategic
    HRM
   Productivity linked with Employee Morale and Satisfaction
    High Attrition Costs
   People could be a Competitive Advantage
   Differentiation based on Talent
Human Resource Accounting
   As old as Industrial Revolution itself
   ‗The Human Oraganisation‘ by Likert
   Brummet, HR as Cost
   Flamholtz, Replacement Cost
   Hekimian, Onward looking Cost
   Kermanson, HR as Goodwill
   Lev and Schwartz, Economic value of Employee
   Freidman and Lez, Market Company Pay Differential
   Morse, HR not an Asset
   Critique
Human Resource Metrics
   Productivity
   Quality
   Costs (Incurred, Saved)
   Direct Value Generated
   Time
   Soft Data
   Critique
Human Capital Management
   Why HCM?
   Talent approach
   Development and Improvement
   Need Automation
   Data Analytics
   Decision making
   Future Oriented
   Critique
HR Scorecard
Audit Approaches
   HR Audits
   HRD Audit and HRD Scorecard
   Why Audits?
       Cost
       Maturity Constraints
   Why not Audits?
       Generic
       One size doesn‘t fit all
       True value added not researched well
       Completion and success can‘t be differentiated
The Perfect Performance
   Management System
        IPMS Reference Based Model
The Ideal Performance Management System:
The Way Forward
   Future: Integrated Performance Management System
    (IPMS)
   Based on Reference Model
IPMS Systems Layer Pyramid Display

                                                 Stakeholders Requirements
                                                     (Setting Directions)


           External Control
(Competition, Market and Uncertainities)

                                                          Objectives
                                           (Goal Setting and Employee Performance
                                                         Management)

              Metrics
  (Measure, Coordinate and Control)                                                                     Stakeholders Requirements
                                                                                                            (Setting Directions)
                                                                                       External Control
                                                                                    (Competition, Market and
                                                                                        Uncertainities)
                                                                                                                Objectives

                                                          Process                           Metrics
                                                                                                        (Goal Setting and Employee
                                                                                                         Performance Management)


                                                    (Next Level Pyramid)
                                                                                    (Measure, Coordinate and
                                                                                           Control)
                                                                                                                 Process
                                                                                                           (Next Level Pyramid)
Reference Model(with Levels) for IPMS
Why IPMS?
   Accountability at Pyramid level
   Simplicity and Drill Down Complex Display
   Each Level considered (Unit Problem)
   Each Stakeholder can be Accommodated
   Metrics not bigger than Framework
   A good mix of Ends and Means
   A good mix of Leading and Lagging Measures
   Objective
   Needs high level of Automation and IT systems Maturity
    and Integration
Linking HR Evaluation Practices
      with Profitability of a Firm
      An industry wide study of Fortune 100 companies
Research Problem
   How do HR Evaluation Practices Impact Performance of a
    Firm?
Methodology
   Sample: Fortune 500 Companies
   Performance : Utilization of Assets (ROA)
   Employee Satisfaction: Glassdoor Ratings (ESR)
       Career Opportunities
       Communication
       Compensation and Benefits
       Employee Morale
       Recognition and Feedback
       Leadership
       Work Life Balance
       Fairness and Respect
Methodology contd.
   Indexed HR Evaluation Practices (HRE)
    1.     HRA
    2.     HCM
    3.     Communication
    4.     Framework
    5.     Process Audit
    6.     Accountability
    7.     Motivation
   Market to Book Value Ration (MBR)
        Future Earnings Capacity
        Indicator of Certainty, Technology and Intellectual Capital
Data Analysis
   Model 1   ROA = f (HRE, ESR, MBR)
   Model 2   ROA = f (ESR, HRE)
   Model 3   ROA = f (MBR, HRE)
   Model 4   ROA = f (HRE)
Analysis Contd.
   Model 1




   Model 3
Discussions and Conclusions
   ESR and ROA poorly correlated for the sample.
   ESR and ROA correlation increases with the industry
    classification or MBR classification
   Higher MBR has been linked with higher ESR Correlation
    with ROA
   HRE as expected correlates highly and is very significant
    in the model
   HRE and MBR together explain 55% of variation in ROA.
   HRE practices directly influence firms ability to utilize the
    talent or human capital
   Accountability and Motivation are both important in
    order to leverage the HR Evaluation
Limitations and Recommendations
   Limitations
       ESR Source not very clean
       Singular measure of performance
       High dependence on Secondary Data
       No Time Scale Comparison
   Recommendations
       Further research needed to prove marginal increase in
        productivity if HR is held accountable and incentivized
       More Time Series data needed to confirm increase in
        profitability with change in HR Evaluation Practices
       Research based on SBU‘s and not corporations could also link
        HR Evaluation Practices with Competitiveness
Thank You

      Shirshendu Pandey
FORE School Of Management
shirshendupandey@gmail.com
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HR Evaluation

  • 1. Human Resource Evaluation and Business Performance A Study of Contemporary Human Resource Performance Measurement Practices and its Association with Business Performance
  • 2. Agenda Objectives of the Study Business Performance Management Human Resource Evaluation The Perfect Performance Management System Linking HR Evaluation Practices with Profitability of firms
  • 3. Objectives of the Study  To gain complete understanding of Business Performance Management Systems  To understand the HR Evaluation Practices and critically examine them  To find the link between HR Evaluation Practices and Profitability
  • 5. Defining Business Performance  What is Performance?  Efficiency and Productivity  Effectiveness and Efficacy  Quality  Dimensions:  Time Frame  Time Orientation  Means or Ends  Qualitative Vs Quantitative
  • 6. Why Measure Performance?  ‗What can‘t be measured, can‘t be improved upon.‘  Control  Communication  Alignment  Strategy  Motivation  Balance and Sustainability  Objectivity
  • 7. The Evolution of Performance Measurement Systems  Dupont Pyramid
  • 8. Evolution Contd.  GE‘s Performance Measures
  • 9. Evolution Contd.  Performance Matrix (Keegan, Eiler, Jones)
  • 10. Evolution Contd.  SMART Pyramid(Lynch  Fitzgerald‘s Ends and and Cross) Means Model
  • 12. Evolution Contd.  Balanced Scorecard
  • 13. Evolution Contd.  PRISM Model (Adams, Neely)
  • 15. Why Measure HR?  Big Expenses  Sustainability and Health of a Company linked to Strategic HRM  Productivity linked with Employee Morale and Satisfaction  High Attrition Costs  People could be a Competitive Advantage  Differentiation based on Talent
  • 16. Human Resource Accounting  As old as Industrial Revolution itself  ‗The Human Oraganisation‘ by Likert  Brummet, HR as Cost  Flamholtz, Replacement Cost  Hekimian, Onward looking Cost  Kermanson, HR as Goodwill  Lev and Schwartz, Economic value of Employee  Freidman and Lez, Market Company Pay Differential  Morse, HR not an Asset  Critique
  • 17. Human Resource Metrics  Productivity  Quality  Costs (Incurred, Saved)  Direct Value Generated  Time  Soft Data  Critique
  • 18. Human Capital Management  Why HCM?  Talent approach  Development and Improvement  Need Automation  Data Analytics  Decision making  Future Oriented  Critique
  • 20.
  • 21. Audit Approaches  HR Audits  HRD Audit and HRD Scorecard  Why Audits?  Cost  Maturity Constraints  Why not Audits?  Generic  One size doesn‘t fit all  True value added not researched well  Completion and success can‘t be differentiated
  • 22. The Perfect Performance Management System IPMS Reference Based Model
  • 23. The Ideal Performance Management System: The Way Forward  Future: Integrated Performance Management System (IPMS)  Based on Reference Model
  • 24. IPMS Systems Layer Pyramid Display Stakeholders Requirements (Setting Directions) External Control (Competition, Market and Uncertainities) Objectives (Goal Setting and Employee Performance Management) Metrics (Measure, Coordinate and Control) Stakeholders Requirements (Setting Directions) External Control (Competition, Market and Uncertainities) Objectives Process Metrics (Goal Setting and Employee Performance Management) (Next Level Pyramid) (Measure, Coordinate and Control) Process (Next Level Pyramid)
  • 26. Why IPMS?  Accountability at Pyramid level  Simplicity and Drill Down Complex Display  Each Level considered (Unit Problem)  Each Stakeholder can be Accommodated  Metrics not bigger than Framework  A good mix of Ends and Means  A good mix of Leading and Lagging Measures  Objective  Needs high level of Automation and IT systems Maturity and Integration
  • 27. Linking HR Evaluation Practices with Profitability of a Firm An industry wide study of Fortune 100 companies
  • 28. Research Problem  How do HR Evaluation Practices Impact Performance of a Firm?
  • 29. Methodology  Sample: Fortune 500 Companies  Performance : Utilization of Assets (ROA)  Employee Satisfaction: Glassdoor Ratings (ESR)  Career Opportunities  Communication  Compensation and Benefits  Employee Morale  Recognition and Feedback  Leadership  Work Life Balance  Fairness and Respect
  • 30. Methodology contd.  Indexed HR Evaluation Practices (HRE) 1. HRA 2. HCM 3. Communication 4. Framework 5. Process Audit 6. Accountability 7. Motivation  Market to Book Value Ration (MBR)  Future Earnings Capacity  Indicator of Certainty, Technology and Intellectual Capital
  • 31. Data Analysis  Model 1 ROA = f (HRE, ESR, MBR)  Model 2 ROA = f (ESR, HRE)  Model 3 ROA = f (MBR, HRE)  Model 4 ROA = f (HRE)
  • 32. Analysis Contd.  Model 1  Model 3
  • 33. Discussions and Conclusions  ESR and ROA poorly correlated for the sample.  ESR and ROA correlation increases with the industry classification or MBR classification  Higher MBR has been linked with higher ESR Correlation with ROA  HRE as expected correlates highly and is very significant in the model  HRE and MBR together explain 55% of variation in ROA.  HRE practices directly influence firms ability to utilize the talent or human capital  Accountability and Motivation are both important in order to leverage the HR Evaluation
  • 34. Limitations and Recommendations  Limitations  ESR Source not very clean  Singular measure of performance  High dependence on Secondary Data  No Time Scale Comparison  Recommendations  Further research needed to prove marginal increase in productivity if HR is held accountable and incentivized  More Time Series data needed to confirm increase in profitability with change in HR Evaluation Practices  Research based on SBU‘s and not corporations could also link HR Evaluation Practices with Competitiveness
  • 35. Thank You Shirshendu Pandey FORE School Of Management shirshendupandey@gmail.com
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