This ppt is about water pollution, causes, sources, effects, control, water quality standards, waste water treatments and its types, oxidation ponds and ganga action plan

1. WATER POLLUTION
DONE BY
S.SNEHA
III B.Sc. ZOOLOGY

2. What is Pollution?
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that
cause adverse change.
Pollution can take the form of chemical substance or energy, such as noise,
heat, or light.
Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign
substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants.
WATER POLLUTION:
Water pollution refers to the undesirable changes occurring in
water which may harmfully affect the life activities of man and domesticated
species. It is the contamination of water bodies by chemicals or microorganisms
; usually as a result of human activities.

3. CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION
• DOMESTIC SEWAGE :It consists of human faeces , urine and dirty water
in the house.
• INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS : Industrial wastes consists of organic and
inorganic wastes .These wastes are dumped in the water to get rid of them.
Industrial wastes include heavy metals like mercury, arsenic and zinc etc.,
which pollutes the water.
• PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS : Fertilizers and Pesticides are used for
crop production and to control pests in agriculture. When these substances are
washed in water they pollute the water.

4. • RADIOACTIVE WASTES: Liquid radioactive wastes are released in
the water. The oceanic water currents carry the wastes everywhere.
• OIL POLLUTION: Oil is a source of pollution in sea water. Oil
pollution is caused due to ship accidents, loading and discharging of oil at
the harbour , oil refineries and off shore oil production.

6. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION
1. Minamata Disease
2. Diarrhoea
3. Mortality of Plankton and Fish
4. Reduction in Productivity
5. Water borne diseases
6. Eutrophication
7. Poor photosynthesis
8. Red Tide

7. WATER BORNE DISEASES

8. CONTROL OF WATER POLLLUTION
1. The sewage water should not be allowed into the rivers, ponds, reservoirs.
2. Rain water should not be allowed to enter sewage drainage.
3. Integrated pest management should be adopted.
4. Waste waters should be subjected to sewage treatment or recycling or waste
stabilization.
5. Water should be properly chlorinated.
6. Pesticides and chemical fertilizers should be used in a limited way.
7. Nitrogen fixing green plants are used in the fertility of the soil.

9. DRINKING WATER QUALITIES
1. Colourless
2. Odourless
3. Pleasant taste
4. Free from disease causing bacteria.
5. The water should be crystal clear.
6. The pH should be in the alkaline range between 7 and 8.5
7. Total hardness should be less than 500ppm.
8. Total dissolved solids should be less than 50ppm

11. WASTE WATER TREATMENT
The processing of waste water to remove impurities and making it usable water is called as
Waste water treatment.
There are three main stages of Waste water treatment, they are
1. Primary treatment ( Screening and Sedimentation)
2. Secondary treatment ( Biological Treatment)
3. Tertiary treatment.

12. PRIMARY TREATMENT
It involves the removal of solid wastes floating on the waste water and other
sediments wastes in sewage. They are removed by screening and sedimentation
methods. The sewage may contain paper , wood ,cloth ,grit , oil grease., etc.
SCREENING: It is the removal of floating materials from the sewage by
passing it through screens. It removes the floating materials called scum. The
screening of sewage protects the operation unit pipe , pump , etc. from the
excessive dumping of solid wastes.

13. PRIMARY TREATMENT
SEDIMENTATION:
Separation of solid suspended particles from the
waste water is called sedimentation. The greasy
mud settled at the bottom is called sludge. It is
done in the sedimentation tank. Sedimentation
prevents sludge formation in the treatment pipe line
unit and it reduces the BOD( Biological Oxygen
Demand) of sewage water
Sedimentation Tank

14. SECONDARY TREATMENT
Secondary treatment is a treatment process for wastewater (or sewage) to achieve
a certain degree of effluent quality by using a sewage treatment plant with
physical phase separation to remove settle able solids and a biological process to
remove dissolved and suspended organic compounds.

15. TERTIARY TREATMENT
Tertiary treatment is the final cleaning process that improves wastewater quality before it
is reused, recycled or discharged to the environment. The treatment removes remaining
inorganic compounds, and substances, such as the nitrogen and phosphorus. Bacteria,
viruses and parasites, which are harmful to public health, are also removed at this stage.

17. OXIDATION PONDS
Oxidation ponds, also called lagoons or stabilization
ponds, are large, shallow ponds designed to treat
wastewater through the interaction of sunlight,
bacteria, and algae. Algae grow using energy from the
sun and carbon dioxide and inorganic compounds
released by bacteria in water. It Is otherwise called as
WASTE STABILIZATION POND.

18. GANGAACTION PLAN
 It is a program started by Rajiv Gandhi in 1986
 It was the first river action plan
 Its main objective is pollution abatement and to increase the water quality in
rivers
 This plan also included the tributaries of Ganges namely Yamuna , Gomti ,
Damodar and Mahanadi

20. THANK YOU!