HRPS Annual Conference 2016 - Gender Expressions

Understanding gender expressions in leadership competencies;
Getting to the root of the effective balanced leader
Presented by:
Stacy L Shamberger
Executive VP Skyline Group

About The Presenter
• EVP Skyline Group International
• Board of Advisors; GreatLeadersInspire.com (American Public
University)
• Held Executive and Leadership positions in L&D/HR, Finance and
Operations at Fortune 500 and Mid-sized companies. (IBM, ADP,
Citibank, Fisher Scientific)
• Former Adjunct Professor - Executive & Leadership Studies
• Author of published articles on a variety of HCM topics including;
leadership development, employee engagement and metrics
• International speaker/presenter

Research We Will Review Today
Research completed in February 2016 conducted
by the Organizational Intelligence Institute
Research document to be published in May
Gender Expression and the
Effective Leader:
The surprising and not so surprising news

Wanted more detail about how gender-based behaviors are expressed and perceived in the workplace.
Based on our experiences and previous research, we theorized that when a man adopts a feminine
(inclusive) approach to a leadership situation, for example, to be more collaborative and inclusive, he is
perceived more positively than a woman is when adopting a masculine (directive) behavior, for example
when she is directive and assertive.
Basis/Premise of Gender Expression Research

Basis/Premise of Research…
Explored the following questions through a survey of 1,012 men and women ranging from individual
contributors to CEO’s with 4 or more years in the workplace today.
1. Do people agree that there is a gender based behavior continuum in leadership?
2. Which behaviors are seen as most effective?
3. How are men perceived when they utilize a masculine versus feminine behavior?
4. How are women perceived when they utilize a masculine versus feminine behavior?

A Bit About the Research Population
0
50
100
150
200
SIZE OF COMPANIES RESPONDED
DATA BY GENERATION
Gender Expressions Survey 2016 Organizational Intelligence Institute

Company Culture of Respondents
0 100 200 300 400 500
Do Things First
Doing Things Together
Getting Things Done
Doing Things Right
COMPANY CULTURE
25%
Structured, controlled, focus on
efficiency and stability
Results oriented, focus on competition,
achievement, and winning
Family like, focus on collaboration,
teamwork and mentoring
Dynamic, focus on risk taking and
innovation
20%
40%
15%

High Impact Competencies High Impact Leadership

High Impact Leaders Require Balance

Men and Women as Effective Leaders

American Psychological Association Findings
A 2014 meta-analysis published by the American
Psychological Association found that both men
and women are seen as equally effective and
theorized that the stereotypes associating
masculine traits with leadership were beginning
to dissolve

What did the OII research uncover?
Hypothesis #1

Hypothesis #1:
There is a continuum of masculine and feminine behaviors within a competency.
• For instance, “listening,” which is traditionally seen as a feminine competency, actually has a masculine and
feminine expression. Just as there is a masculine and feminine expression of “strategic thinking,” which is
typically considered masculine.
• Example: the masculine expression of listening is being able to repeat back the key words and points
the other person made. The feminine expression of listening is for emotional connection

Recognized Four Quadrants of Leadership
In this study we looked at 28 leadership
competencies validated by Skyline Group
They were pulled from 4 recognized
leadership quadrants. The first step in
examining balance – was to ensure there
was balance in the primary quadrants

Percentage of Competencies Rated Differently
Leading Self
Leading Others
Leading Organization
Managing Implementation
43%
14%
57%
0%
Count of Significantly Different Effectiveness of
Expressions Feminine vs. Masculine

Competencies of Quadrant 1
• Emotional Control
• Flexibility
• Integrity
• Resilience
• Self-Confidence
• Executive Presence
• Work/Life Balance

• Assertiveness
• Conflict Resolution
• Influencing Others
• Listening
• Partnering and Relationship Building
• Teamwork
• Verbal Communication

• Creativity and Innovation
• Entrepreneurship
• External Awareness
• Inspirational Vision
• Organizational Awareness
• Service Motivation
• Strategic Thinking

• Coaching and Mentoring
• Customer Focus
• Delegation
• Effectiveness
• Monitoring Performance
• Planning and Organizing
• Thoroughness

Impact of Development Over the Past 4 Decades
High acceptance of men
adopting Inclusive Behavior
Low acceptance of women
adopting Directive Behavior
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425262728
Masculine Overall Women Expressing Masculine Overall

Effective Situational Real-Time Leadership

Improved Effective Situational Real-Time Leadership I
Competency/Behavior
D I
Balanced
Effective

Hypothesis #2:
Women need to be more balanced when using a masculine versus feminine expression of a
competency, depending on their audience and the needs of the situation.
• Research has shown that men are seen as effective when they use both the masculine and feminine expression of a
competency and therefore are seen as balanced as a leader .
• Women who solely rely on one type of expression, too masculine too often are seen as “bossy” and too
feminine are seen as wallflowers or weak.
• Our premise: women have not been pushed to develop both aspects of a competency. As a result, women are
often less balanced and therefore less effective.

Likability vs. Effectiveness…
Many researchers have demonstrated what has become known as the
‘likability vs. effectiveness’ tradeoff that women must make in business
Basically, women who adopt the very same behavior as men to drive success
in the workplace are seen as less likable.
Cooper, M. For Women Leaders, Likability and Success Hardly go Hand-in-Hand. 30 April, 2013. Harvard Business Review

April 8, 2016
Nearly half of all registered voters say they would at least
consider voting for Clinton, far more than who say they are
open to voting for Trump. Sixty-three percent of voters say
they definitely wouldn't vote for Trump in a general election.
His unfavorable rating in the latest AP-GfK poll stands at 69
percent.
Reality:
Trump “likability factor” 19 points
lower or 30%.

% of Competencies Rated Lower When Utilizing the
Opposite Gender Behavior
4%
43%
11%
14%
25%
43%
60%
WOMEN UTILIZING MASCULINE EXPRESSION
MEN UTILIZING THE FEMININE EXPRESSION
Rated lower by Men Rated lower by Women Rated lower by Both Genders Rated the same by Both Genders

Unconscious Bias? Perhaps…
4%
43%
11%
14%
25%
43%
60%
WOMEN UTILIZING MASCULINE EXPRESSION
MEN UTILIZING THE FEMININE EXPRESSION
Unconscious
Bias Intersection
Why?
• Unawareness
• Outside of Our Control
• Assumptions
• Judgements

Average Effectiveness: Feminine vs. Masculine Expressions
EmotionalControl
ExecPresence
Flexibility
Integrity
Resilience
SelfConfidence
WorkLifeBal
Assertiveness
ConflictResolution
InfluencingOthers
Listening
PartneringRelationBuild
TeamworkCollaboration
VerbalCommunication
CreativityInnovation
Entrepreneurship
ExternalAwareness
InspirationalVision
OrganizationAwareness
ServiceMotivation
StrategicThinking
CoachingMentoring
CustomerFocus
Delegation
Effectiveness
MonitorPerformance
PlanningOrganizing
Thoroughness
Lei
Self
Leading
Others
Leading
Organiza
tion
Managin
g
Impleme
ntaion
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Average Effectiveness: Feminine vs. Masculine Expressions

77%
24%
56%
39%
53% 35% 56%
28%
43% 36%
39%
29%
20%
3%
37%
5%
20% 13% 24%
5%
-4%
4%
24%
8%
Percentage Lower by Female Raters Percentage Lower by Male Raters
Lower % Rating of When Women Chose Masculine Expressions

Lower % Rating When Men Choose Feminine Expressions
25%
52%
54%
23%
34%
38%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
CREATIVITYINNOVATION
INSPIRATIONALVISION
EMOTIONAL CONTROL
Percentage Lower by Male Raters Percentage Lower by Female Raters

Inclusionary and Directional Expressions
The inclusionary expressions of these six competencies more
clearly engage others by creating openness in thinking and
conversations to push the limits of ideas
Here we see the directional theme that relates to where we are going
and how we will get there. The clarity and drive of the directive
expression are seen as more effective.
Another area where a feminine approach lagged was influencing others.

Average Effectiveness: Feminine vs. Masculine Expressions (Only
significant results shown)
Emotional Control ExecPresence Self Confidence Conflict Resolution Creativity Innovation Entrepreneurship Inspirational Vision Strategic Thinking
Leading Self Leading Others Leading Organization
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Color by
Expression Type
Feminine Expression
Masculine Expression
In the case of Strategic Thinking, women can adopt the masculine expression of
‘methodically thinking 5 steps out, planning accordingly and having contingency plans’
with confidence and know that she will be perceived as effective.
However, when women adopt the more masculine ‘energetic and passionate’ selling of
a vision we see a trend that is disturbingly prevalent in our findings. Women are
actually perecieved negatively

Energetic and Passionate Selling of Vision
OK!
Not OK?

Data Segmentations
In general, CEO’s and C-Suite executives had more positive ratings of workplace behavior:
• Rating feminine (Inclusive) expression of behaviors equally as well as masculine.
• Their ratings of women embodying the masculine (Directive) expression of a competency were much
more positive than the perceptions and ratings of individual contributors

Data Segmentation
Amongst Millennials:
• There has more positive ratings of feminine leadership and of women utilizing masculine(Directive)
behavior expressions in the workplace.
• Millennials will only increase as a percentage of the working population, therefore we can anticipate
further support of masculine expressions of leadership by women.
GenZ is expected to have an even greater tolerance and expectation of female leaders, as they will
enter the workplace with highest percentage of women in leadership then any other generation prior!

Key Research Findings
• A recognizable gender-based behavior continuum exists for the 28 leadership
competencies used/surveyed.
• Masculine (Directive) & Feminine (Inclusive) behaviors are equally effective for 70% of
Leadership Competencies
• Women are rated lower when adopting masculine leadership behaviors on 57% of
leadership competencies
• While men are rated lower for adopting feminine behaviors for 21% of competencies
• Women rate other women lower more frequently than men do (57% vs. 14%)
• Boomers and Millennials were more accepting of women using masculine leadership
behaviors.

Stacy L. Shamberger
sshamberger@skylineg.com
650.400.2782

Average Effectiveness: Males using Feminine Expressions
FeminineExpression,Malew/FeminineExpression
EmotionalControl
Flexibility
WorkLifeBal
Assertiveness
ConflictResolution
CreativityInnovation
ExternalAwareness
InspirationalVision
CustomerFocus
PlanningOrganizing
LeadingSelf
LeadingOthers
Leading
Organization
Managing
Implementation
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Color by
Expression Type
Feminine Expression
Male w/Feminine Express…

HRPS Annual Conference 2016 - Gender Expressions

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