2. SS6H4: The student will describe the impact of
European Contact on Canada
a. Describe the influence of the French and
English on the language and religion of Canada
b. Explain how Canada became an independent
nation
SS6H5: The student will analyze important
contemporary issues in Canada
a. Describe Quebec’s independence movement
3. Like the United States, Canada is in North America. It sits just
North of the U.S.
5. Native Canadians like the Inuit are
believed to have migrated from Asian lands
about 11,000 years ago.
For thousands of years, they hunted on
the land, fished in the waters, and
gathered wild vegetation.
Ice fishing continues
even today
Inuit: Native Indians of
Canada
6. Evidence shows that the
Vikings first landed in the
“New World” around 1000
AD.
Leif Ericson and his men
landed in what is Modern
day Newfoundland.
They called it Vinland,
meaning “meadowland” in
Norse.
They did not stay long at
in the settlement.
Norse: German based language spoken
by Vikings
7. It took about 500 years before
any more Europeans would
arrive.
Giovanni Cabato (John Cabot) an
Italian born explorer who moved
to England began exploring in the
name of England.
He was looking for a shortcut to
Asia like everyone else.
In 1498 he explored much of the
coastal areas of what would some
day become Canada and the
United States.
He was the first European to
discover North America since the
Vikings.
8. When Cabot came back he
told everyone in England
about the rich fishing waters
in Canada and about its many
plentiful resources.
It did not take long for the
word to spread around the
rest of Europe that Canada
would be a good place to
colonize.
But it was not the fishing that
attracted Europe’s attention.
It was the…Beaver!
9.
10. For, in Europe, beaver pelt hats had become all the
rage, and the popularity of those hats created a large
market for beaver fur.
ahhh,
they want
my fur!
This Kind of
Canadian
Beaver!
11. In the early 1500 and
1600’s French settlers
start to arrive and settle
along the Atlantic Coast
along St. Lawrence River
French explorers claim
much of Canada as “New
France”
They are interested in
fishing but most of all the
fur trade
In 1608 Quebec - the first
of many French
settlements - was
established.
12. Quebec was headed by Samuel de
Champlain, a noted geographer and
explorer. He was later made governor of
New France by the French king Luis XIII.
15. France's 17th century competitor -
England – especially King Charles II, kept
a wary eye on French developments in the
New World. The British monarch had his
own plans for establishing a colony in
North America.
16. As a result the British also settled
in Canada in nearby lands along the
east coast.
Pretty soon competition for land
and trade became intense between
the English and the French.
The French got mad and got their
Indian allies and attacked English
forts.
At first the French’s Indian Allies
gave them the advantage.
17. Remember: How
Cortes got some of the Aztecs
Indian enemies to join forces
with him to defeat
Montezuma?
18. Soon the British got smart and got some
Indian allies of their own.
All this fighting spread and large battles
broke out in Europe. The fighting was
known in the Americas as the “The French
and Indian War”. In Europe it was known
as the “The Seven Years' War” and
covered almost all of the continent, and
even beyond.
The tide turned for the British in 1758, as
they began to make peace with important
Indian allies and began adapting their war
strategies to fit the territory and
landscape of the American frontier.
19. England Wins: When peace returned to
the region, in 1763, England took over
the eastern portion of what would some
day become Canada - an area that
previously had belonged to France.
Oh yeah,
England
Rocks!
20. The French and Indian war or
the Seven Years war set the
stage for to the American
Revolutionary war. Great Britain
was in a lot of debt and unfairly
taxed the Americans.
“No taxation without
representation!”
22. The English never insisted that its new
citizens of French ancestry adopt English
customs
Instead of changing their religion England
recognized the Roman Catholic Church in
North America to which most French settlers
and their descendants belonged.
It also established French civil law - all of
which was meant to create good will among
those of French heritage.
They did not want the Canadians to revolt
like the Americans (Revolutionary War).
23.
24. Many Americans who remained loyal to
England during the revolutionary war fled to
Canada at the end of the war.
They were called United Empire Loyalists.
The Loyalists brought to Canada a belief in
representative or democratic government,
for they had lived in areas with colonial
legislatures.
To keep the Loyalists happy, and avoid
another revolution, in 1791 the British
divided Quebec into two parts -
- Upper Canada (later, Ontario): English-
speaking, Protestant
- Lower Canada (Quebec): French-speaking,
Roman Catholic
The assemblies had no real power, however.
25. Despite this outward calm, however, many in
Canada had come to feel that their English rulers
had too much power, and some rioted against
English control in 1837.
The British Parliament was broke from so may
wars and fearing there would be another
revolution against England in North America,
joined Upper and Lower Canada in a series of
peaceful negotiations.
They could not afford a domino effect happening.
26. Then, in 1867, Canadian and British
leaders drafted the British North
America Act, which gave Canada its
independence.
Every July 1st, Canadians mark the
Act's passage by celebrating "Canada
Day.”
The country's symbol, the maple leaf,
is found everywhere on the holiday.
At night, fireworks fill the skies in
towns and cities across the nation.
27. Once independent Canada becomes a
British Commonwealth
British Commonwealth – a group of
nations consisting of the United Kingdom
and several former British colonies that
are now sovereign states but are still
loyal to the British Crown. All
commonwealth countries are considered
to be independent and of equal status.
Sovereign state: a state which administers its own government, and is not
dependent upon, or subject to, another power
28. Canada has a constitutional Monarchy (Not true Autocracy
because one person does not hold all the power).
In 1931 Canada establishes a Parliamentary Government with
the British monarch its sovereign or head of state
Canadians live under a democratic government modeled on
both the British and U.S. systems
Parliament (legislative branch)— Kind of like our congress:
combines legislative and executive functions
-consists of an appointed Senate, elected House of Commons
Judicial branch: Its highest court is the Supreme Court.
Prime minister (executive branch) – Kind of like our
president: head of government, is majority party leader
Stephen Harper
33. A constitutional monarchy is most likely to
have what type of government?
A) Oligarchy
B) Autocracy
C) Democracy
34. A constitutional monarchy is most likely to
have what type of government?
A) Oligarchy
B) Autocracy
C) Democracy
Democracy: Type of government in where
people participate and have a say.
C
35. What are the 3 branches of Autocracy:
Autocracy
Not a
true
branch
36. What are the 3 branches of Autocracy:
Autocracy
Monarchy Dictator
Constitutional
Monarchy
Not a
true
branch
37. Why is a constitutional monarchy not a true
autocracy even though it a type of
monarchy?
38. Canada has ten provinces. All have their own
legislature and prime minister
- federal government administers the territories
39. The provincial
governments take care
of education
Canadians enjoy a high
standard of living and
are well-educated
Students score highly on
standardized tests
Today, Canada has a 97%
literacy rate
Canada is one of the
wealthiest nations with
a high per capita
income
40. An important government service in
Canada is its national health program
that can be used by all citizens.
But the program is controversial.
Some say that although everyone in
Canada can see a doctor when they're
sick, the level of care is not always as
good as it should be.
41.
42. Not all was well in Canada after it became
independent from Britain.
Lower Canada (Quebec): French-speaking
and Upper Canada (Ontario): English-
speaking had a competitive relationship
over land and resources.
The differences in culture between those
of French and English ancestry have never
been completely resolved in Canada.
Years of feeling like second class citizens
led many French Canadians to fight
peacefully for Quebec’s independence,
hoping to preserve their culture and
language.
Oooh La
La. Viva la
France!
43. In the 1970s, tensions boiled over when many of
French heritage protested to have the province of
Quebec break away from the rest of Canada.
Voters turned down the proposed secession. The
attempt to secede was tried several more times.
But each time, the efforts have failed.
The French’s efforts have been peaceful and for
the most part it has not been a violent revolution.
They are using negotiation or talking to try to
break free.
44. Extension question- How would life be
different if the state of Georgia gained
independence from the United States and
became its own country?
Hmmm…
46. Canada is a land of
many cultures. Many
people have
immigrated there.
People of many different
cultural backgrounds -
not only Europeans but
Asians, Africans, and
Native Canadians like the
Inuit just to name a few
47. In the 20th century a wave of
immigration (people moving to
Canada) occurred.
Many were drawn by the inexpensive
land offered by the Canadian
government.
After World War II, there was another
great surge; Italians, Eastern
Europeans, Vietnamese and other
Asians - came to Canada's shores,
settled, and made lives for themselves
in their adopted homeland.
Even so, British customs and culture
are the most influential throughout
most of Canada.
48. The two most influential countries on
Canada’s culture are France and England.
Remember: The most common culture is
that of the English followed then by the
influence of the French culture.
Languages: Most people are bilingual
and speak both English and French
languages.
Religion: Most of those of English
heritage are Protestant and those of
French heritage are Catholic.
These two groups often clash.
49. Various ethnic groups
cluster in certain areas
- 75% of French Canadians
live in Quebec
- many native peoples live
on reserves—public land
set aside for them
- most Inuits live in the
remote Arctic in the north
- many Canadians of Asian
ancestry live on West Coast
50. There are about 34 million people living in
Canada today.
Population is densest in port cities by water
(Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver) and
farmlands.
80% of Canadians live in cities.
51. In these and other Canadian cities,
people live much like city dwellers
elsewhere in North America and
Europe.
They take trains, buses and cars to go
to work every day, or to attend school.
They spend their down time doing
many different things, such as
attending country fairs, soaking up the
sun's warmth at the beach, listening to
music or watching their favorite sports
team - in person or on TV.
52. Canadians are very
active people
The two most
popular sports are
hockey and
lacrosse
-Lacrosse was
developed by the
native peoples
-Hockey developed
by French settlers
53. Other Popular
sports include:
skating, fishing,
skiing, golf,
hunting and rodeo
Annual festivals
include Quebec
Winter Carnival,
Calgary Stampede
56. The Treaty of Paris (1763), was signed in by
the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and
Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after
Britain's victory over France and Spain
during the Seven Years War.
The signing of the treaty formally ended the
Seven Years' War, otherwise known as the
French and Indian War which marked the
beginning of an era of British power outside
Europe.
57. The treaty gave the British the
land east of the Mississippi river
to include Canada.
58. In 1774, in the Quebec Act, French
Canadians in Quebec were given the right
to continue practicing Catholicism.
It also established French civil law - all of
which was meant to create peace between
the British and the French Canadians.
59. In 1867, after negotiating over a period of
time, Canadian and British leaders drafted
the British North America Act, which gave
Canada its independence.
The British knew they could not afford
another war and sensing that one might
happen with Canada they let the colony go
peacefully.
60. The British were also happy to no
longer have the responsibility of
protecting one more colony.
I’m so glad
we got rid of
those
Canadians!
61. Increased shipment of goods across the
country
Increased travel from coast to coast
Created new provinces & territories
But most important: Birth of Canadian
nationalism
before the railroad, most people only thought of
themselves as belonging to their province; after
they felt as if they were part of one country
