Talk delivered for PoWER: Research Prospects

1. M
CO
T]
Geoinformatics
O
Technology and Applications
D
L[
EE
Suddhasheel Ghosh
SH
Researcher
HA
Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
D
D
Uttar Pradesh
SU

2. About me
M
●
PhD Student, IIT Kanpur
CO
●
Previously
T]
– Research Fellow, Department of Space, Government of India @ IIRS
O
- Dehradun
D
– Consultant – IT, Madhya Pradesh Bhoj (Open) University, Bhopal,
L[
MP
EE
●
Edu Qual
SH
– DESS – Télédétection – Méthodes, Applications et Aménagement,
UPMC - France
HA
– Masters in Mathematics, RDVV, JBP
D
D
SU

3. Fundamental aim of Geoinformatics
M
●
Make maps
CO
– Basic school atlases
Study urban sprawl
T]
–
Archaeological data
O
–
D
●
Study patterns of cultural and economic exchanges
Enable navigation
L[
–
Car based navigation systems, military navigation
EE
●
– Enable the humans to make decisions
SH
●
Buying your house, best picnic spot etc.
– Enable urban management and development
HA
●
Design of roads, bridges, communication and power networks
●
Waste disposal
D
●
Disaster Management
D
●
Data understanding and analysis
SU
– Data visualization – systems and algorithms

4. The branches of Geoinformatics
M
CO
Remote
Remote
T]
Sensing
Sensing
O
Global
Global
D
Cartography
Cartography Positioning
Positioning
L[
Systems
Systems
EE Geoinformatics
Geoinformatics
SH
HA
Geographic
Geographic
Surveying
Surveying Information
D
Information
System
System
D
Photogram
Photogram
SU
metry
metry

5. Geodesy
M
●
Study of:
CO
– geometrical, structural and
gravitational properties of the earth,
T]
– their evolution with time,
O
– interactions of solid earth with other
D
components of the earth system
L[
●
First geodetic problem
EE
– Given a point (known coordinates), the
azimuth and the distance, find the
SH
coordinates of the second point
●
Second or inverse geodetic problem
HA
– Given two points with coordinates find http://www.agu.org
the length of the line between them
D
D
SU

6. Surveying
M
●
Oldest branch of Geoinformatics
CO
●
Pioneered by Egyptians
T]
●
Equipment
O
– Old
D
●
Chains and tapes
L[
●
Sextants
EE
●
Tacheometer SH
– New
●
Theodolite
HA
●
Auto levels
●
Total stations
D
D
SU

7. Cartography
M
●
The science and art of
CO
making maps
T]
●
Age old problem -
O
D
– 3D world → 2D medium
L[
– Need for projections
EE
Conical, Cylindrical and
●
SH
azimuthal
HA
●
Semiology and graphics
D
D
SU
Imago mundi Anaximander's map

8. Remote Sensing
M
●
Art and science of
CO
obtaining information
T]
from objects without
O
being in contact with it
D
L[
●
Most popular remote
EE
sensing device: Eyes
SH
●
Satellite remote
sensing
HA
Aerial remote sensing
D
●
D
Agricultural fields
Agricultural fields
Laser remote sensing with crops
SU
● without crops
Are you kidding me? Vegetation appears red in colour?

9. Photogrammetry
M
●
Origin –
CO
Photogrammetrie
T]
●
Extraction of 3D terrain
O
models from aerial
D
photos
L[
EE
●
Research promoted
during WW2
SH
http://mobilecadsurveying.co.uk
Modern: Close range
HA
●
photogrammetry
D
Digital preservation of
D
–
heritages – 3D modelling
SU

10. Global positioning systems
M
●
Initially developed by US DoD
CO
for military purposes
T]
●
GPS opened to public by
Ronald Reagan
O
D
●
A network of 24 different
L[
satellite on 6 orbital planes
EE
●
Bill Clinton announces
SH
Selective Availability switched
off in 2000
HA
●
Better precision with a
differential GPS
D
D
●
Errors caused by Atmosphere,
SU
surrounding buildings, water
bodies

11. Geographic Information Systems
M
●
System – a group of hardware,
CO
software, data, people and methods
●
Multiple layers help make multi-
T]
criteria decisions
O
●
“Find me an east-facing house, within
D
200 meters of the main road, with
L[
malls, cinema halls and post-office
nearby close to Noida-Delhi border”
EE
●
“Find me the shortest path for going
SH
to the Railway Station from IIT
Kanpur”
HA
●
Find me the best place for dumping
waste in a moderately hilly terrain
D
D
SU
http://www.westfield.ma.e
du

12. Research Areas in Geodesy
M
●
Allied discipline –
CO
Geophysics
T]
●
Gravity field study
O
D
●
Earth deformation
L[
Study of the geoid
EE
●
http://gge.unb.ca/Research/Research.html
SH
●
Marine geodesy
HA
D
D
SU

13. Research Areas in Cartography
M
●
Web mapping
CO
– Google Earth
T]
– Web 2.0
O
D
– WMS
L[
●
Mobile internet
●
EE
Location based services
SH
– GPS aided
HA
●
Multimedia cartography http://www.channel4.com
D
●
A list of Cartography
D
related research areas:
SU
– http://www.icaci.org/commission/

14. Research Areas in Remote Sensing
M
●
Allied discipline – Signal processing, Electronics
CO
●
Development of HR CCDs for precision remote sensing
Classification
T]
●
– Search for better classification algorithms for HR imagery
O
– Morphological algorithms for detection of features
D
●
Inventory
L[
– Given a forested area
EE
●
count the number of trees
●
Detect the different types of species
SH
– Road detection and mapping
●
Thermal mapping
HA
– Heat radiations from buildings
Archeology
D
●
D
– Detection of archeological features
SU
●
Geomorphology
– Detection of faults, lineaments
http://www.higp.hawaii.edu/

15. Research Areas in Photogrammetry
M
●
Close Range
CO
Photogrammetry
T]
●
Digital preservation
O
of archaeological
D
heritages
L[
EE
●
Modelling of SH http://dprg.geomatics.ucalgary.ca/
historical sites
HA
●
Forensic
photogrammetry
D
D
●
Pictometry (Patent
SU
filed)
● http://www.cast.uark.edu/home/research/geomatics/photogrammetry.html

16. Research Areas in GPS
M
●
Monitoring of
CO
– Tectonic movements
– Dam movements
T]
– Natural hazards
O
●
GPS for navigation
D
– Road and car navigation in urban canyons
L[
– SIMRAN
EE
●
Guided aeroplanes
Weather monitoring
SH
●
●
Better atmospheric models
HA
– GPS Correction
●
GDOP Prediction analysis
D
PANGA: (Pacific Northwest Geodetic
D
●
Array) →
SU
http://www.geodesy.cwu.edu/ http://www.ausairpower.net

17. Research areas in GIS
M
●
Spatial Decision Support
CO
Systems
T]
●
Multicriteria analysis
O
●
Design of spatial databases
D
L[
– Biodiversity
EE
– Archaeology
http://mapserver.org/
Data mining of spatial and
SH
●
spatio-temporal datasets
HA
●
Network analysis
D
– Shortest path
D
Error modelling
SU
●
●
Web-GIS

18. Data visualization applications and research
M
●
High resolution datasets – spatial,
CO
spectral and radiometric
●
Volume of data
T]
●
Out-of-core computations
O
●
Spatial cognition / pattern recognition
D
Design of spatial processing algos for
L[
●
KDD – Knowledge Discovery and Data
EE
Mining
Improvised algorithms: classification, http://www.kdd.org
●
SH
segmentation, feature extraction,
mineralogy, inventory
HA
D
D
SU
https://www.e-education.psu.edu

19. My research at IITK
M
●
LiDAR – Light detection and
CO
ranging
●
High precision remote sensing
T]
technique
O
●
Voluminous dataset
D
How to visualize “quickly”
L[
●
EE
●
Dataset taken 100m x 100m
– Processing time using CAD and Aerial Photo of the area LiDAR data coloured by ht
SH
professional s/w: 3 hours
Processing using my algo: 10 minutes
HA
–
●
Statistical verification through
experiments:
D
D
– My algorithm works at par with CAD
SU
based visualization in terms of depth
and feature perception.
3D stereo model reconstructed using my algo

20. Thank you!
M
CO
T]
O
Suddhasheel Ghosh
D
http://www.suddhasheel.com
L[
EE
SH shudh@iitk.ac.in
HA
D
D
SU