Sports injury

Common
Sports Injuries
Syed Anwar Ali S

Living Sports Healthy Life
CONTENT
Causes/Symptoms/First Aid.
Muscle Pulled/Strain
2 Causes/Symptoms/First Aid.
Torn ACL/MCL
1
Shin Splints
3
Stress Fracture
4
Stress Fracture
5
Fracture
6
Plantar Fasciitis
8 Causes/Symptoms/First Aid.
Sprained Ankle
7
Tennis Elbow
9
Low Back Pain
10
Hip Bursitis
11
Concussion
12
Achilles Tendonitis
13
Runner’s Knee
14

Muscle Strain/ Pulled
A muscle strain, or pulled muscle, occurs when your
muscle is overstretched or torn. This usually occurs
as a result of fatigue, overuse, or improper use of a
muscle. Strains can happen in any muscle, but they’re
most common in your lower back, neck, shoulder, and
hamstring, which is the muscle behind your thigh.

Muscle Strain/ Pulled GRADE I, II, III.
Muscle strains can be categorized into three grades,
based on severity:
Grade 1: Mild damage to individual muscle fibers (less
than 5% of fibers) that causes minimal loss of
strength and motion.
Grade 2: More extensive damage with
more muscle fibers involved. ...
Grade 3: Complete rupture of a muscle or tendon.

Muscle Strain/ Pulled -Causes, Symptoms, First Aid
Causes Symptoms First Aid
• Sudden onset of pain.
• Soreness.
• limited range of
movement.
• Bruising or discoloration.
• Swelling.
• a “knotted-up” feeling.
• Muscle spasms.
• Stiffness.
• Weakness
• Not warming up properly.
• Before physical activity.
• Poor flexibility.
• Poor conditioning.
• Overexertion and fatigue
P-Prevention
R- Rest
I - Ice
C- Compression
E- Elevation
R-Refer

Muscle Strain/ Pulled -Causes, Symptoms, First Aid
F
I
R
S
T
A
I
D
Rest
Avoid using your muscle for a few days, especially if movement causes an increase in pain.
But too much rest can cause muscles to become weak. This can prolong the healing process.
After two days, slowly begin using the affected muscle group, taking care not to overdo it.
Ice
Apply ice immediately after injuring your muscle. This will minimize swelling. Don’t put ice
directly on your skin. Use an ice pack or wrap ice in a towel. Keep the ice on your muscle for
about 20 minutes. Repeat every hour on the first day. For the next several days, apply ice every
four hours.
Compression
To reduce swelling, wrap the affected area with an elastic bandage until swelling comes down.
Be careful not to wrap the area too tightly. Doing so can reduce your blood circulation.
Elevation
Whenever possible, keep the injured muscle raised above the level of your heart.

Ligaments/Tendons/Cartilage
Ligament:
A ligament is the
fibrous connective
tissue that
connects bones to
other bones.
Tendon: A flexible
but inelastic cord of
strong fibrous
collagen tissue
attaching a muscle
to a bone.
Cartilage is an
important structural
component of the
body. It is a firm tissue
but is softer and much
more flexible than
bone.

Types of Ligaments
The four main ligaments in the knee connect the femur (thighbone) to the tibia (shin
bone), and include the following:
(i) Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). (ii) Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).
(iii) Medial collateral ligament (MCL). (iv)Lateral collateral ligament (LCL).

Torn Acl
ACL injuries most commonly occur during sports that involve sudden
stops or changes in direction, jumping and landing — such as soccer,
basketball, football and downhill skiing.

ACL GRADE I, II, III.
ACL injuries are commonly classified in grades of 1, 2 or 3.
Grade 1
injuries include ACLs that have suffered mild damage,
e.g., the ACL is mildly stretched but still provides adequate
stability to the knee joint.
Grade 2
ACL injuries are rare and describe an ACL that is stretched
and partially torn.
Grade 3
ACL tears happen when the ACL is torn completely in
half and is no longer providing any stability to the knee
joint.

ACL-Causes, Symptoms, First Aid
• A loud "pop" or a
"popping" sensation in the
knee.
•Severe pain and inability to
continue activity.
•Rapid swelling.
•Loss of range of motion.
•A feeling of instability or
"giving way" with weight
bearing.
• Sudden change in direction
•Pivoting with foot firmly
planted.
•Receiving direct blow to the
knee.
P-Prevention
R- Rest
I - Ice
C- Compression
E- Elevation
R-Refer

Torn Mcl
A medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury is a stretch, partial tear, or
complete tear of the ligament on the inside of the knee. It is one of the most
common knee injuries and results mostly from a valgus - angulations‘
(or bowing) force on the knee.

MCL GRADE I, II, III.
MCL injuries can be graded from one to
three:
Grade I – mild injury, with minimally torn
fibres and no loss of MCL integrity
Grade II – moderate injury, with an
incomplete tear and increased laxity of
the MCL
Grade III – severe injury, with a complete
tear and gross laxity of the MCL

MCL-Causes, Symptoms, First Aid
• Pain, which can range
from mild to severe.
Stiffness.
•Swelling.
•Tenderness along the
inside of the knee.
•A feeling that the injured
knee may give way under
stress or may lock or catch.
• Hit or collision to the knee
from outside.
•Improper Landing.
•Over stretching the
ligament.
P-Prevention
R- Rest
I - Ice
C- Compression
E- Elevation
R-Refer

Shin Splints
Pain caused by overuse along the shinbone, the large front bone in the lower leg.
Shin splints result when muscles, tendons and bone tissue become overworked.
Shin splints often occur in athletes who've recently intensified or changed their
training routines. The main symptom is pain in the leg.Treatment includes rest,
ice and pain relievers.

Shin Splints-Causes, Symptoms, First Aid
• Pain,
•tenderness,
•soreness or pain along the
inner side of your shinbone
and mild swelling in your
lower leg.
•overloading your leg
muscles, tendons
or shin bone.
•Shin splints happen from
overuse with too much
activity or an increase in
training.
•Most often, the activity is
high impact and repetitive
exercise of your lower legs.
P-Prevention
R- Rest
I - Ice
C- Compression
E- Elevation
R-Refer

Stress Fracture
A tiny crack in a bone caused by repetitive stress or force, often from overuse.
Forces that can cause a stress fracture could include repeatedly jumping up and
down or running long distances. Swelling and pain that worsen over time are
symptoms. Treatment includes a walking boot, brace or crutches to reduce the
bone's weight-bearing load.

Stress Fracture- Symptoms, First Aid
• Pain,
•Swelling.
•Tenderness in the area.
•Possible of bruising.
• increasing the amount or
intensity of an activity too
quickly.
•Change in Training.
•Over use.
•Improper Equipments.
•Poor Cushioned Shoes.
P-Prevention
R- Rest
I - Ice
C- Compression
E- Elevation
R-Refer

Fracture
A fracture is a broken bone. It can range from a thin crack to a complete break.
Bone can fracture crosswise, lengthwise, in several places, or into many pieces.
Most fractures happen when a bone is impacted by more force or pressure than
it can support.

Fracture- Types
Simple
Compound
Linear
Multiple
Transverse
Oblique
Comminuted
Greenstick
Spiral
Complicated
Impacted

Simple & Compound
Simple
Compound
•Clean break in the bone
• No break in the skin and no
wound.
•Both the bone and skin break
• Chances of Infection.

Linear & Multiple
Linear Multiple
•Breaks Parallel in the Long
axis bone
• No break in the skin and no
wound.
•More than one Fracture

Transverse & Oblique
Transverse Oblique
•Horizontal Fracture
•bone breaks at a 90-degree
angle to the long axis of the
bone.
•Diagonal Fracture

Comminuted & Greenstick
Comminuted Greenstick
•break or splinter of the bone into more
than two fragments.
•This degree occur on high-impact trauma
such as in vehicular accidents.
•soft bone in which the bone
bends and breaks
•occur most often during
infancy and childhood when
bones are soft

Spiral & Complicated
Spiral Complicated
• Type of complete fracture. It occurs due
to a rotational, or twisting, force.
• Structures surrounding
the fracture are injured.
There may be damage to the
veins, arteries or nerves

Impacted
Impacted
•occurs when the broken ends of the bone
are jammed together by the force of the
injury.

Fracture- Causes, Symptoms, First Aid
• Pain,
•Swelling.
•Tenderness in the area.
•Possible of bruising.
•Numbness
•Bleeding
• Impact on Force.
•Fall, Accident, Twisting etc.
P-Prevention
R- Rest
I - Ice
C- Compression
E- Elevation
R-Refer

Plantar Fasciitis
It’s an inflammation of a thick band of tissue that connects the heel bone to the
toes. The inflamed tissue runs across the bottom of the foot.

Plantar Fasciitis-Causes, Symptoms, First Aid
• Pain on the bottom of foot
•Tenderness and greater
pain after activity.
•soreness or pain along the
inner side of your heel with
swelling.
•Improper footwear
•Flat feet/ High arch.
•Wearing high heeled shoes.
•Improper walking/ foot
position.
•Over weight.
•PRICER.
•Soaking the foot
into Salt with
warm water
every day 10-15
mins.

Sprained Ankle
An injury that occurs when the ankle rolls, twists or turns in an awkward
way.
It occurs in ligament (Beyond Stretching).

Twisted Ankle
Twisted Ankle in Handball

Sprained Ankle GRADE I, II, III.
Grade 1: Stretching or slight tearing of the
ligament with mild tenderness, swelling and
stiffness.
Grade 2: A more severe sprain, but incomplete tear
with moderate pain, swelling and bruising.
Grade 3: This is a full tear of the ankle ligament.
You may have heard a popping sound when it
happened.
There are three grades for ankle sprains determined by the amount of force.

Sprained Ankle-Causes, Symptoms, First Aid
• Pain.
•Swelling/Bruising.
•Reduce in range of motion.
•Instability.
•Skin Discolouration may
occurs.
• Fall/ twist.
•Improper Landing.
•Improper Shoes using
towards the floor.
P-Prevention
R- Rest
I - Ice
C- Compression
E- Elevation
R-Refer

Tennis Elbow
Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) is a painful condition that occurs when
tendons in your elbow are overloaded, usually by repetitive motions of the
wrist and arm.

Tennis Elbow- Causes, Symptoms, First Aid
• Pain.
•Swelling/Bruising.
•Instability.
• Sever pain while lifting
weight..
• Improper Repetitive Motion
of the wrist and Arm.
•Poor Techniques.
P-Prevention
R- Rest
I - Ice
C- Compression
E- Elevation
R-Refer

Low Back Pain
Low back pain is the result of an injury, such as muscle sprains or strains due to
sudden movements or poor body mechanics while lifting heavy
objects. Low back pain can also be the result of certain diseases, such as: cancer
of the spinal cord. a ruptured or herniated disc.

Low Back Pain-Causes, Symptoms, First Aid
• Back Pain.
•Un comfort in Long
sitting.
• Pain in Buttocks and the
legs.
• Extreme Physical Activity.
•Improper bending and
Techniques of lifting weights.
•Falling/Crouching etc..
P-Prevention
R- Rest
I - Ice
C- Compression
E- Elevation
R-Refer

Hip Bursitis
It’s an inflammation (swelling) of the bursa (fluid-filled sac near a joint) at the
outside (lateral) point of the hip known as the greater trochanter. When
this bursa becomes irritated or inflamed, it causes pain in the hip. This is a
common cause of hip pain..

Hip Bursitis-Causes, Symptoms, First Aid
• Hip Pain. Outside part
around hip.
•Hip Tenderness.
• Radiating Pain on lower
limbs.
• Hip Injury or trauma
(Falling out side of hip range).
• Running and walking at a
risk condition.
P-Prevention
R- Rest
I - Ice
C- Compression
E- Elevation
R-Refer

Concussion
A concussion is a traumatic brain injury that affects your brain function. Effects
are usually temporary but can include headaches and problems with
concentration, memory, balance and coordination. Concussions are usually
caused by a blow to the head.

Concussion-Causes, Symptoms, First Aid
•Loss of consciousness.
•Confusion and disorientation.
•Memory loss.
•Headaches.
•Vomiting.
•Visual Problems etc.
• Fighting.
•Falling from height.
•During car crashes and biked
accidents.
P-Prevention
R- Rest
I - Ice
C- Compression
E- Elevation
R-Refer

AVPU -The AVPU scale (an acronym from "alert, verbal, pain,
unresponsive") is a system by which a health care professional can measure
and record a patient's level of consciousness.
AVPU -The AVPU scale (an acronym from "alert, verbal, pain,
unresponsive") is a system by which a health care professional can measure
and record a patient's level of consciousness.
Alert UnresponsiveVerbalPain

Achilles Tendonitis
An injury of the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscle to the
heel bone.
It's common in runners and middle-aged people who play sports only
on the weekends.

Achilles Tendonitis-GRADE I, II, III.
Problems with the Achilles Tendon are graded Into three Grades
Grade I: Mild strain. Disruption of Few fibers.
Grade II: Moderate strain. Disruption of Several fibers
Grade III: Complete rupture. Complete tear.

Achilles Tendonitis -Causes, Symptoms, First Aid
• Pain, Swelling.
•Instability.
•Popping sound.
• Over Use.
•Injury in knee.
• Partial Dislocation in
patella.
•Flat Feet.
•Weak thigh muscles.
•Improper training in
improper surface.
P-Prevention
R- Rest
I - Ice
C- Compression
E- Elevation
R-Refer

Runner Knee
Damage to the cartilage under the kneecap.
The cartilage under the kneecap is a natural shock absorber. patellae may
develop when the knee is overused or injured.

Runner Knee -Causes, Symptoms, First Aid
• Pain, Swelling.
•Instability.
•Skin Discolouration may
occurs.
•Tight calf muscles.
• Activity Without warming
up.
•Straining the Calf muscles.
•Pivoting steps and loads.
•Improper training without
plan.
•Improper shoes.
P-Prevention
R- Rest
I - Ice
C- Compression
E- Elevation
R-Refer

Five Ways to Avoid Sports Injuries
1
Proper Warm up and
cool down.
Wear protective
gear, such as
helmets, protective
pads, and other
gear.
3
2
4
5
Know the
rules of
the game.
Watch
out for
others.
Don't play
when you're
injured.

Sports injury

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