Brainstorming is a group creativity technique where members spontaneously contribute ideas without judgement to solve a problem. It was popularized by Alex Osborn in 1953 and involves phases like defining the problem, gathering data, analyzing materials, generating alternatives, incubating ideas, synthesizing solutions, and judging results. Advantages include low cost, immediate application, democratic participation, and ease of understanding. Effective brainstorming requires a facilitator to guide discussion while encouraging quantity over quality and participation from all members.

1. BRAINSTORMING1

2. What is
Brainstorming?
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3. Definition:
“Brainstorming is a
group creativity technique by which efforts are
made to find a conclusion for a specific
problem by gathering a list of ideas
spontaneously contributed by its members.”
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5. History:
The term was popularized by
Alex Faickney Osborn in the 1953
book Applied Imagination.
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6. Process:
It usually includes some or all of these
phases:
1.Orientation: Pointing up the problem.
2.Preparation: Gathering pertinent data.
3.Analysis: Breaking down the relevant
material.
4.Hypothesis: Piling up alternatives by way of
ideas.
5.Incubation: Letting up, to invite illumination.
6.Synthesis: Putting the pieces together.
7.Verification: Judging the resultant ideas.
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7. ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
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8. The advantages of Brainstorming has no limit:
Requires few material resources.
The results can be used immediately or for
possible use in other projects.
Is a “democratic” way of generating ideas.
The concept of brainstorming is easy to
understand.
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11.  Requires an experienced and sensitive
facilitator who understands the social
psychology of small groups.
 Requires a dedication to quantity rather than
quality.
 Shy people can have difficulties in
participating.
 May not be appropriate for some business or
international cultures.
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12.  In a group participants have to listen to
others and may spend time repeating their
ideas until they get sufficient attention.
 Going through the protocol, processing and
ordering the ideas can become a complex
procedure. This also depends on the
number and order of the generated ideas.
 Advising participants to let others speak
without making them feel offended or
intimidated can be difficult.
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13.  On the one hand, people are not very skilled at
controlling their non-verbal reactions and might
influence the creativity of others with their
posture, gestures or facial expressions. On the
other hand, attempting to control their non-
verbal behavior might inhibit their own
creativity.
 More discrete or introvert participants might
find it difficult to express their crazy or
unorthodox ideas.
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14.  Participants with the ability to express their
ideas faster and more effective gain the
general attention of the group. Some form of
leadership can be formed in this way within
the group, which might make participants feel
intimidated.
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