Sigmund Freud proposed three components to our personality: the id, ego, and superego. The job of the ego is to balance the sexual and aggressive drives of the id with the moral ideal of the superego. Freud also said that personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages. In each stage, pleasure focuses on a specific erogenous zone. Failure to resolve a stage can lead one to become fixated in that stage, leading to unhealthy personality traits. Successful resolution of the stages leads to a healthy adult.

1. Psycho-Analytic
Theory
K.THIYAGU, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod
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Sigmund Freud
(1856-1939)

2. Sanjay
Swetha Choleric
Mesomorphic
TYPE APPROACH
Melancholic
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3. Sanjay
Swetha
TRAIT APPROACH
Aggressive
Hot Tempered
Undisciplined
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4. Sanjay
Swetha
Psycho-Analytic
ID
Unconscious
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5. Sigmund Freud
(1856-1939)
Freud had many followers: Jung and Adler.
Father of modern psychology
Born 6 May 1856
Died 23 September 1939
(aged 83)
Hampstead, London
Nationality Austria
Fields Neurology,
Psychology,
Psychotherapy,
Psychoanalysis
Institutions University of Vienna
Alma mater University of Vienna
(MD, 1881)
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9. Freud believes that our personality is build
around the three unified and interrelating
systems, namely
Id
Ego
Super Ego
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10. Id
Ego
Super
Ego
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11. I chose to use phone batteries to illustrate
the strengths of id, ego, and superego
relative to each other because I think I
have the worst self-control when it comes
to using my phone.
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14. ID
• Exists entirely in the unconscious mind
• Our hidden true animalistic wants and
desires.
• Works on the Pleasure seeking
Principle
• It has no values, knows no laws,
follows not rules, does not recognize
right or wrong
• Avoid Pain and receive Instant
Happiness.
• Only considers the satisfaction of its
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15. ID
I Demand
I Desire
I Destroy
IDIOT
The deposed despot,
and a cannibal of
Uganda has named
himself
IDI Amin!
Pleasure Principle
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16. Ego
• Develops after the Id
• Ego functions - as a policeman to
check the unlawful activities of the id
• It follows the principle of reality
(Works on the Reality Principle)
• Act with intelligence to control,
selected and decide what is good and
bad
• Negotiates between the Id and the
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17. Ego
Reality Principle
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18. Super Ego
• Develops last at about the age of 6
• It is our conscience (what we think the
difference is between right and wrong)
• It representation of social and moral
values
• It is the ethical or moral arm of the
personality.
• It is idealistic and does not care for
realties.
• Perfection rather than pleasure is its
goal
• It is decision making entity CC-BY-NA-SA 18

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20.  Individuals who have a strong or
powerful ego – have a strong or
balanced personality.
 Individual possesses a weak ego –
have a maladjusted personality.
 If superego more powerful than ego –
neurotic personality
 If id is more powerful than ego –
delinquent personality
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21. Freud’s
Psychosexual
Stages of Development
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22. • He held that sex is a life energy.
• The sexual needs of the individual are basic needs which
must be satisfied for a balanced growth of the personality
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23. Five Psychosexual Stages
Oral Stage (birth to 18 months)
Anal Stage (18 months to 3 years)
Phallic Stage (3 to 6 years)
Latency Stage (6 years to puberty)
Genital Stage (puberty to adulthood)
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24. Freud’s Psychosocial States
of Personality Development
Stage (age range) Erogenous Zone Activity Focus
Oral
(birth to 1½ years)
Mouth, lips, and
tongue
Sucking, biting, and chewing
Anal
(1½ to 3 years)
Anus Bowel retention and elimination
Phallic
(3 to 6 years)
Genitals Identifying with same-sex parent to learn
gender role and sense of morality
Latency
(6 years to puberty)
No erogenous zone Cognitive and social development
Genital
(puberty to adulthood)
Genitals Development of sexual relationships, moving
toward intimate adult relationships
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25. Oral
Stage
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26. Oral stage
• Mouth represents the first sex
organs for providing pleasure
to the child
• Sucking, chewing
• Always keeps mouth – candy,
stick, own thumb
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27. Anal
Stage
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28. Anal stage
• Toilet training
• Body waste material through
the anus or the urethra
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29. Phallic
Stage
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30. Phallic Stage
Conflicts
• In the Oedipus conflict, the
little boy becomes attracted to
his mother and fears the
father
• In the Electra conflict, the
little girl is attracted to her
father
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31. Latency
Stage
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32. Latency stage
• Boys and girls prefer to be in the
company of their own sex and even
neglect or hate members of the
opposite sex.
• Cognitive and social development
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33. Genital
Stage
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34. Genital stage
• Boy and girl now feels a strange
feeling of strong sensation in the
genitals an attraction towards the
members of the opposite sex
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35. Contribution
to Education • It has given a good
method for the study of
behaviour
• It has provided a good
therapy
• Understand the
maladaptive behaviour
• The provision of proper
extra curricular activities
and suitable hobbies.
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36. Neo-Freudian
Theories of Personality
• Agree with many of
Freud’s basic ideas,
but differ in one or
more important ways
Carl Jung’s Collective
Unconscious
Alfred Adler’s Striving
for Superiority
Karen Horney
and the
Need for
Security
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37. Thank you
Jai Bharat!
K.THIYAGU, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod
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