Presentation on Instructional Material, part-1

1. Instructional Material
Real objects, Specimens
&
Epidiascope
Taufiq H. Siddiquee

2. REALIA?

3. Realia cont
Objects or activities used to relate classroom
teaching to the real life especially of
peoples/disease/pathology studied.
Merriam Webster dictionary
Realia, was first used in the late 19th century,
and is still mostly used in the classroom by
teachers.

4. Specimen & Object
An object is the thing itself- for example a
human body, a bird, a flower or a grass
hopper. Objects are ideal visual aids. They
are reality and not a substitute for reality.
A Specimen is a part of the object. For
example, an appendix, liver, gall bladder
Specimens are excellent visual aids but
they are not as valuable as an object. Since
they are part of an object they cannot
stimulate a complete sensory experience.

5. Why Should we use realia?
• Kinesthetic learning
• Realia brings a welcome change
• Often more interesting than material from text
books
• Students will be expected to use real material
when they leave the classes.
• Students have the chance to practice real life
situations

6. Advantages
• Accessible
• Relevant
• Visually interesting and captures the
attention of the learner
• Provides a focus away from the written
word
• Useful to help students grasp practical
skills

7. Disadvantage
• Real objects may not support a cultural
distinction.
• Activities with real objects might lose the
class path.
• Spending too much time in one activity
with real objects in the class.

8. Epidiascope
• Also known as Episcope or Opaque projector
• It is a device which displays opaque materials by
shining a bright lamp onto the object from
above.
• A system of mirrors, prisms and/or imaging
lenses is used to focus an image of the material
onto a viewing screen.
• Because they must project the reflected light,
opaque projectors require brighter bulbs and
larger lenses than overhead projectors.

10. Uses
• It is used to make class more interesting
• No transparency is required.
• The teaching aids e.g books, maps ,graphs etc
can be directly projected in to the screen

11. Advantage
• No transparency required
• Can project opaque materials
• Books, maps , charts ,graphs etc. can be
projected directly

12. Disadvantage
• Dark room required
• Needs high power bulbs, produces heat and
vulnerable to frequent disturbances
• Almost obsolete with the invent of new
tech aids