It was summary of Graded Unit Project of Steel Office Building HND project which i have finished in 2011, please note calculations and drawings are missing from this presentations as they were submitted earlier, however a copy may be available for new students from Glagsow kelvin college. Please ask Murdo or Maureen for that.
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Graded unit Civil engineering Presentation
1. Report on Graded Unit
by Tehmas Saeed
Steel office Design and Car Park
Area of Interest
Energy Efficiency and Frame Design
2. Planning Stage
• In this part we have to plan our different activities of the project according to their
sequence and set a road map for the execution by set time frame.
• The client needed a Steel framed office building and Car park within landscaped area.
The site is adjacent to local distributor road located within industrial state. The area of
whole site is 980 m2. The office area should be 750 m2. The car park is needed to be
built with the capacity of 20 cars and cantilever is required at main entrance.
Requirements set in the Graded Unit Draft were summarized as follow.
• Suitable Procurement Path ( Selection of contract )
• Site layout (during and after construction )
• Load Assessment
• Analysis of the structure
• Foundations
• Selection of construction material along with justification
• Layout of the building
• Design of Structure Frame
• Structural Skeleton
• Mitigation of environment impact.
• Mathematical Calculations and AutoCAD drawings in specific format.
3. Specific areas of Interest
For research and deeper area of interest we have to choose two areas of
interest.
I chose Energy Efficiency and Frame Design.
Frame Design
This will require the design of steel work and its frame along with their
layout, drawings, calculations, justification etc
Energy efficiency or sustainability
Different aspects of an activity related to construction must be review on
economic basis and also measurement of its impact on surrounding
environment is necessary.
Therefore this project will be carried out along with reviewing different
impacts of individual activity on people and environment. More Energy
efficient structure are needed to reduce its effects. This energy efficiency
means less reliability of human on fossils specially hydrocarbons which are
biggest source of global warming.
4. Referencing of the Project
• It is quite obvious while any construction activity is totally unacceptable
without appropriate referencing or without fulfilling the criteria of British
standards or now European Code s or any other building regulations dealing
with it.
• I also planned to use references from different construction research
organization like CIRIA SEPA, Scottish Water, and Corus Steel etc
justification of the Selection
• Any Material Selection or construction method not only need references
but also valid reasoning and justification in development Stage .
• For Supporting point I decided to choose pictures , sketches, graphs and
drawings to support argument.
5. Development Stage
Contract Selection
• For any project it’s most important to select a procurement path which will
be followed throughout the projects by every party who are involved.
However the most important things to be considered rely on following three
main factors. Which are Time ,Cost and Quality
Design And Build Arrangement chosen
Design and Build
43%
Construction
Mangement
1%
Mangement
contracting
1%
Partnering
6%
Target
12%
Traditional
37%
Mostly used construction contract (source RICS )
6. Justification of the Contract
• It is the most popular contract which it highest share in
market as 43 % while traditional procurement shares 37 %
stands as second and other types of contracts make small
percentage based on Market Turnover (source RICS )
• It is been widely adopted by most clients since 1970.
• The main advantage of having this type of arrangement is that
there is a single point of responsibility for both design and
construction of the project.
• At very initial stage, client can benefit from the experience of
Contractor.
• Price certainty is secured early in the project.
• Final date is fixed early in the project.
• Less risk of price changes during the design development.
7. Areas of Interest
Energy Efficiency and Frame Design
The biggest energy consumer sector is Buildings sector as energy
consumption also damages environment.
Building could be rightly called environmentally friendly or sustainable form
of construction, if we have reduced its carbon emission by using alternate
sources of energy and by cost effective energy measures.
Factors considered before construction
Choice of Site
Temperature Factor
Solar Access
Water Penetration
Degree Days and Temperature Difference
Wind Factor
Material Selection according to thermal Value
8. Green Roof as my innovation
• As My project is initiative towards greener construction i.e. minimum use of
energy and reduced emission of carbon. I would like to all engineers to be picked
by one Bus, therefore no car will be allowed. Therefore less fuel will be used, and
all be picked in one bus, a lot of energy lost through the consumption of the fuel
could be saved and carbon emission could be reduced.
• The idea of green roof seems very attractive to me because it provides nice
landscape also environmentally friendly since quite nontraditional in Britain is
getting increasingly popularity due to its structural and functional use.
• I am using this for using environmentally friendly material. The company technical
data which I am using Baudar which has won the FRA Green build Award 2009.
Justification of Roof Selection
• It reduces burden on SUDS in by reducing runoff water because it takes water into
plantation and release it back in the form of evaporation.
• Sir Michael Pitt submitted Final Report on 2007 Flooding known as 'Learning
lessons from the 2007 floods' states that "new developments should not expect to
be automatically connected to the public drainage system."
• Therefore in the light of that report I think new development conventional roof
makes it harder for exiting drainage system to coup with their design specification.
Green roof can retain up to 80 % rain water and up to 35 % in winter.
9.
10. Additional justification for Green Roof Selection
• Thermal Value and Increased Energy Efficiency
• Increase roof life span
• Improved air and water quality
• Reduced Noise Pollution and Use of Recycled Material
Typical Green Roof (Similar to mine Chosen)
11. Cladding Selection according to thermal Value and use of
recycled Material and waste product use
The blinding layer would be 600 mm which is maximum for this
arrangement It would consist of Brick rubble, well graded gravel, well
graded quarry waste, Hard burnt Clinker, Pulverized Fuel Ash
The function of the insulation to reduce heat loss through the floor and
through walls by reducing thermal bridging.
12. Insulation
Therma fleece would be used as part of my insulation material made up of
wool of British Hill sheep. I have chosen this arrangement because
It is energy efficient as recommended by Green building website
It is recyclable and has life of 50 years, It can absorbs moisture without
damaging its thermal efficiency and It is completely safe to handle.
Use of Recycled Aggregates
Recycled aggregate could be used for his purpose. Anything locally
manufactured or mined not only help local economy but also helps
reduces cost in the fuel and also saves emissions result from delivery vans.
Also use of aggregate is energy efficient as in that case we do not have to
mine them resulting more fuel used for blasting rocks and crushing them
to require size needed
Appropriate procedure adotped for fire protection
For the fire protection purpose, it is mandatory I would strongly
recommend my client to use sprinkles. Research shows they over 90
percent of fire could be controlled by four sprinklers and they are highly
proven effective to spread the path of fire.
13. Frame Design
The units used are millimeters and meters. Site plan is 28 m x 35 m which
totals 980 m2.
The main design was made according to the limits included in my brief. The
spacing of the door, corridors, main entrance, toilets spaces, disabled toilets
and other arrangements were chosen by the Guide known as Metric
Handbook Planning and Design Data an authentic code for design purpose in
Britain. Spacing were adequate 900 mm for any opening in the building.
I have chosen 18 columns with spacing of 6.l m spacing with last column
spacing of 6.6 m horizontally
Vertically there are three columns with spacing of 5.8 m in each column. The
primary beams have same dimension as shown in drawings attached.
The corridors and stairs spaces were selected according to functionality and
were taken from Metric Handbook and Design Data.
Provision for the disable people were taken, all corridors, corridors and lift
were designed to have enough space for them. Design Manual recommends
for 750 minimum space for such openings.
Two Fire exits were designed to accommodate any emergency exit in case of
fire.
14. Car Park
• Standard 20 spaces for car were required and as per British requirement are
concerned at least two spaces required for disabled parking. The minimum size for
parking bay chosen was 2.4 m x 4.8 m.
• It was vitally important to take considerations of Disability Discrimination Act
1995 dedicated two spaces were constructed for disabled people to meet
minimum standards. At least 5 % of all the parking bays must be reserved for
disabled visitors. They were located near the front entrance for their convenience
and path has been indentified to their space and they must be singed properly or
painted.
16. Justification of this selection of the
road
• In 2007 flood damaged Britain 57000 homes due to rivers and also due to
the overload drainage. The Government reports suggests that many more
are at risk due to increased urbanization and increased load on drainage
system also due to unpredictable weather and global climate change. Even
in Dec 2010, the extreme cold weather broke all records and it was coldest
month in 100 years.
• Recent devastating floods in July 2010 of Pakistan is another example of
Climate change which shows unpredictable excessive rainfall could cause
flooding at any time of the year.
• This arrangement improves runoff water quality by removing pollutants
from it. According to CIRIA C609, 2004 on performance of Permeable
Pavement it can reduces filtrate hydrocarbons up to 90 %, phosphorous to
80 %, Nitrogen to 80 %. Therefore Helps biodiversity and environmentally
friendly.
• Decreases the amount of water
• The design must conform to SUDS Manual (CIRIA 2007 )
17. Achievements
Personal Progression
• This project boosted my confidence to undertake any project in the future.
• Steel Structures and their details are well updated to me, and also have
learnt a lot more about the Euro code.
• This project gives me a chance to go through a wider range of research work
as for energy efficiency is concerned. This therefore enabled me to work on
other books rather than course thus developed my broader understanding.
• Linking the different stages of constructions, this project gave me better idea
of modern construction right from beginning to its end.
• It refreshed my memory and we get back in touch with our course notes and
work done in past, which helps to keep our knowledge fresh.
• It would have good impact on my CV, as I can include this as my work as
project
18. References (books and Notes )
• Civil Engineering Project Management by Alan C. Twort, J. Gordon Rees
• Construction planning, programming and control Third Edition by Wiley-
Blackwell.
• Code of Practice for Project Management For construction and Development
Third Edition by Black well publishing.
• HNC AND HND CONTRACT MANGEMENT NOTES
• Health and Safety Notes HND
• Civil Engineering Technology Notes HND
• HNC Traffic Engineering Notes
• Structural Steel Notes HND
• Sub-structure Notes HNC
• The Green Building Bible Volume 2, the low energy design technical reference
By Richard Nicholls (Green Building Press)
• Metric Handbook Design and Data By David Elder
• Car park Guidance Notes Published by Sports England Publications
