Study

1. Nomenclature &
Preparation
Carboxylic Acids
LECTURE 1

2. Carboxylic acids

3. Carboxylic acids

4. Carboxylic acids

5. Carboxylic acids
i. Carboxylic acids :
Organic compounds containing carboxyl groups
Called carboxylic acids. The carboxyl group is made up
Carbonyl, >C = O and hydroxyl, -OH group, hence, its name is
carboxyl group

6. Nomenclature
In IUPAC system, the monocarboxylic acids are called alkanoic
acids

7. O
O
OH
HCOOH
H
OH
O
CH3CH2COOH
CH3COOH
OH

8. O
OH
CH3COOH
O
OH
HCOOH
H
OH
O
CH3CH2COOH

9. OH
Br
CH3CH2CHCOOH
O
Br
OH
O
CH3CHCOOH
CH3
OH
CH3CH2CH2COOH
O

10. OH
Br
CH3CH2CHCOOH
O
Br
OH
O
CH3CHCOOH
CH3
OH
CH3CH2CH2COOH
O

11. CH3(CH2)3CHCOOH
OH
HOOC - COOH

13. General methods of preparation
I. by oxidation of primary alcohols :
R - CH2OH +2[O] R-COOH + H2O
CH CH OH + 2[O]
kmnO4/H+
II. by oxidation of aldehydes :
3 2
Ethyl alcohol
CH3COOH + H2O
Acetic acid
R - CHO + [O] R-COOH
CH3CHO + [O]
Acetaldehyde
CH3COOH
Acetic acid

14. General methods of preparation
I. by oxidation of primary alcohols :
R - CH2OH +2[O] R-COOH + H2O
CH CH OH + 2[O]
kmnO4/H+
II. by oxidation of aldehydes :
3 2
Ethyl alcohol
CH3COOH + H2O
Acetic acid
R - CHO + [O] R-COOH
CH3CHO + [O]
Acetaldehyde
CH3COOH
Acetic acid

15. Alkyl benzenes
From Alkyl benzenes :
The alkyl side chain oxidised to - COOH group irrespective
Of the size of the chain

16. From Alkyl benzenes :
The alkyl side chain oxidised to - COOH group irrespective
Of the size of the chain
Alkyl benzenes

17. From Alkyl benzenes :
The alkyl side chain oxidised to - COOH group irrespective
Of the size of the chain
Alkyl benzenes

21. Nitriles and amides
O
II
R - CN RCOOH
R - C-NH2
H+ or -OH
H2O
H+ or -OH
CH COOH + NH3
H+ or -OH
CH3CONH2
Ethanamide
3
Ethanoic acid
CONH2
Benzamide Benzoic acid
H3O+
COOH
+ NH3

22. Grignard reagents
R-Mg-X + O = C =O Dry ether
R-C
RCOOH
H3O+
MgX+

23. Grignard reagents
R-Mg-X + O = C =O Dry ether
R-C
RCOOH
H3O+
MgX+

25. Bring about the following transformations
Br
OH
O
II

26. Bring about the following transformations
Br
OH
O
II

27. CH2CH3
KmnO4
KOH, heat

28. CH2CH3
KmnO4
KOH, heat

30. I. Methanal
II. 2-Methylpentanal
III. Benzaldehyde
IV. Benzophenone
V. Cyclohexanone
VI. 1-Phenylpropanone
VII.Butan-1-ol
VIII.2,2-
Dimethylbutanal
Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which
the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the
expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction.

31. I. Methanal
II. 2-Methylpentanal
III. Benzaldehyde
IV. Benzophenone
V. Cyclohexanone
VI. 1-Phenylpropanone
VII.Butan-1-ol
VIII.2,2-
Dimethylbutanal

32. Write structural formulas and names if four possible aldol condensation
products from propanal and butanal. In each case, indicate which aldehyde
acts as nucleophile and which as electrophile

33. Write structural formulas and names if four possible aldol condensation
products from propanal and butanal. In each case, indicate which aldehyde
acts as nucleophile and which as electrophile

34. An organic compound with molecular formula C9H10O forms 2,4- DNP
Derivative, reduces tollen’s reagent and undergoes cannizzaro reaction. On
vigorous oxidation, it gives 1,2- benzenedicarboxylic acid, identify compound.