Bread and Pastry

2. • THE PHILIPPINE Revolution began in 1896
and really ended only in 1901.
• At first, it was a war of independence
against the Spain.
• Later,it turned into a war of independence
against the United State
• The first part of revolution was a success.
• Many of our best heroes were killed during
the revolution.
1896

3. • After the discovery of the Katipunan ,Bonifacio
gathered his men in the hills of balintawak.
• Balintawak was the place north of Manila which
was then a secret meeting place of the
katipuneros.
• On August 26,1896,the fiery Bonifacio stopped all
the talking .”There is no other way,”he told them,
”enough is enough!” He angrily tore his residence
certificate(Cedula).
• It was the symbol of Spanish oppression of Filipinos.
• Also their tore cedulas the called for a revolution.
• The katipuneros led by Bonifacio started the
Revolution.

4. • (1) The abuses of Spanish officials and
priests;
• (2)Persecution of Filipino leaders who
defended the rights of their fellow
countrymen;
• (3)Filipinos 'desire to regain their
independence;
• (4)Discovery of the Katipunan and
Bonifacio’s call for revolution.

5. The first battle of the revolution took place at
the town of San Juan del Monte at dawn of
Sunday, August 30 ,1896.
 Bonifacio and some 1000 katipuneros attacked
the Spanish arsenal at San Juan.
It was bloody and awful battle.
The Filipinos were armed only with bolos,a few
handmade guns (paltics) old rifles,bamboo
spears, and amulets (anting-anting).

6. The superior weapons' of the Spanish
Armed forces won the day.
The Filipinos lost and retreated.
They left 153 dead comrades behind.

7. The revolution quickly spread like wild fire in
Southern Luzon,
The Spanish Governor General, Ramon
Blanco, declared a state of war in eight
provinces;
Manila,Bulacan,Pampanga,Nueva
Ecija,Tarlac,Laguna,Cavite,and Batangas.

8. The Spanish officials terrorized the Filipinos
and executed many of their famous leaders.
Many Filipino patriots were arrested and put
in prison at Fort Santiago.
About 1,000 Filipinos were exiled to Guam,
Africa and other Spanish prisons abroad.
The martyrdom of their leaders made the
Filipinos more angry at the Spanish officials.
The famous martyr of the Philippine
revolution 1896 was Dr.Jose Rizal.

9. Rizal was allowed to leave Dapitan and go to
Cuba as a volunteer doctor in the Spain army.
He was arrested and taken back to Manila.
He was put in prison at fort Snatiago and
tried by the military court .
He was found guilty of being a traitor to
Spain and sentenced to death.
At dawn of December 30,1896,Rizal was shot
by a firing squad at the Luneta.

10. Emilio Aguinaldo
• Born on March 22, 1869.
• Quit his studies at the Letran College in
Manila after his father died in 1882.
• Gen. Aguinaldo was elected President of the
First Revolutionary Government on March 23
and lasted until October 31, 1897.
• He beated Bonifacio to the position.
• Aguinaldo was elected as the President of the
Biak-na-Bato Republic on November 1, 1897.

11. The Filipinos freedom fighter fought with
crude wepons: bolos, clubs , stones, bamboo,
spears, old musket, and homomade guns
(paltiks).
The Filipinos won many battles against the
Spanish Government troop.
The Greatest victory in the battle of the
Filipino was won by Emilio Aguinaldo in the
battle of Binakayan, Cavite on November 9 to
11,1896.

12. Thousands of Filipinos were inspired to join
the revolution in the nearby provinces.
The Filipino revolutionaries captured, Las
Piñas, Parañaque, and other towns around in
manila.

13. • The revolutionaries was divided in two.
• The Magdalos- Aguinaldo’s group and the
Magdiwangs- Bonifacio’s group.
• Aguinaldo win his battles while Bonifacio lost
all his battle.
• Bonifacio’s supporters refused to help
Aguinaldo when they were attacked similarly.
• Aguinaldo’s followers, did not help the
Magdiwangs when they fought the Spaniard.

14. • Both rival groups decided to meet at Tejeros, Cavite
on March 22, 1897.
• They wanted to settle the controversy on
Leadership because a revolution must have only
one leader.
• They decided to elect the officers of a Revolutionary
Government.
• Bonifacio was over-confident. His followers
outnumbered the followers of Aguinaldo.
• Aguinaldo wasn’t able to attend the election
because he was fighting the Spanish army at Imus.

15. • Bonifacio was elected as the new leader.
• He did not know that the Filipinos no longer
wanted him as the leader. Aguinaldo won the
majority vote for new President of the First
Revolutionary Government..
• Bonifacio lost even the position of Vice-
President and the other lower positions.
• As a consolation, Bonifacio was elected to
the last office of secretary of the interior but
even the lowest position was protested by
Daniel Tirona.

16. • At the Battle of Limbon, Bonifacio and his
men lost the fight and were taken prisoners.
• Andres was wounded and his brother Ciriaco
was killed.
• His wife Gregoria de Jesus was one of the
prisoners.
• The Revolutionary Government tried
Bonifacio and his brother Procopio by
military court martial at Maragondon on May
5, 1897 and they were found guilty they were
sentenced to die.

17. • Aguinaldo reduced their sentence to life
imprisonment but was able to cancel that
order and execute Bonifacio.
• On May 19, 1897 Andres and Procopio were
shot by a firing squad of Aguinaldo’s soldiers
in near Maragondon.
• Under the command of Major Lazaro
Makapagal.

18. The revolution went from bad to worse for
the Filipinos.
Aguinaldo lost one battle after another.
Aguinaldo moved his war camp many times
away from Cavite.
On november 1, 1897 the filipinos
revolutionaries leaders approved a
constitution for anew Government.
.This became a Biaknabato Republic.
On Nov. 1 to Dec. 30, 1897 Aguinaldo was
again elected as President of the Biaknabato
Republic.

19. No one side could win the revolution.
The Filipinos could not win.
The Spanish government could not win .
Spanish Governor General Primo de Rivera
told the Spanish Cortes (Parliament): “I Can
captured their Biaknabato headquarters.
So he sent the olive branch of peace to
Aguinaldo .He offered to end the fighting on
both sides.
Aguinaldo decided to accept the peace offer
of Governor Primo de Rivera.

20. Dr. Pedro A. Paterno, a prominent Filipino
,acted as the go-between in the peace
negotiations.
He succeeded in negotiating the agreement
to end the fighting between the Filipinos and
the Spaniards.
This was historic Pact of BiaknaBato.
It was signed by General Aguinaldo and
Governor General Primo Rivera on Dec. 14
and 15 1897.

21. • Peace was proclaimed in the Philippines after
the Pact of Biak-na-Bato.
• Gen. Aguinaldo and other revolutionary
leaders went to exile in Hong Kong as a part
of agreement.
• Aguinaldo and his companions reached Hong
Kong on December 30, 1897.

22. Women of the Revolution
 Melchora Aquino (popularly known as “Tandang
Sora”
 Gregoria Montoya (joan of Arc of Cavite”)
 Agueda Kahabagan (joan of Arc of the Sant Cruz,
Laguna”);
 Tersa Magbanua (joan of aec of the Visayas”)
 Trinidad Tecson (“Mother of Biaknabato”)
 Nazarai Lagos (“Florence Nightingale of Panay”)
 Patronicia Gamboa (Heroine of jaro”)
 Marcela Agoncillo (wife of Filipino doplomat Felipe
agoncillo.

23. Spanish
• Both the Filipinos and
the Spaniards broke
their peace agreement
at Biak-na-Bato.
• Spain did not pay P1.7
million war indemnity
to the Filipinos.
• Only P600,000 was
paid.
• Spanish officials
continue to arrest and
punish Filipino who
Filipino
• Aguinaldo spend the
money to buy more
arms and ammunition.
• They did not surrender
all their weapons.
• They wanted to
continue the
revolution.