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Applying an Equity Lens for Development & Social Protection
1. unite for
children
Applying an Equity Lens for Development and
Social Protection
Tia Palermo, Ph.D.
UNICEF Office of Research—Innocenti
Transfer Project
National Social Protection Conference
Addis Ababa
May 13, 2019
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Social protection: set of policies and programs
aimed at preventing or protecting all people
against poverty, vulnerability and social exclusion
throughout their lifecycle, with a particular
emphasis towards vulnerable groups (UNICEF,
2019).
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Why is an equity lens important?
• Higher poverty rates
• Structural constraints impede access to:
• productive assets (land, credit)
• physical, social and human capital assets (health,
nutrition, education)
• Sustainable poverty reduction cannot be
achieved without addressing inequities related to
gender, disability & related drivers of
marginalization
Holmes, R., & Jones, N. (2013). Gender and social protection in the developing world: beyond
mothers and safety nets. Zed Books Ltd..
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27.8% of persons with severe disabilities have
social protection coverage globally
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Non-contributory social protection programmes, by target
group in Africa
Source: Cirillo and Tebaldi (2016). Social Protection in Africa: Inventory of Non-Contributory Programmes. International
Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth. United Nations Development Programme.
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Why is an equity lens important?
• “Social protection has yet to fully realise its potential to address
the underlying causes of vulnerability and the drivers of
inequality to achieve social justice and socially equitable
outcomes” (Holmes and Jones 2013)
• Transformative role of Social Protection: “provide social
equity to protect people against risks such as discrimination or
abuse” (Devereux and Sabates-Wheeler 2004)
• Powerful synergies between the “economic” (protective,
preventive, promotive) and “social” (transformative) roles of
social protection programming
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References
• Cirillo and Tebaldi (2016). Social Protection in Africa: Inventory of
Non-Contributory Programmes. International Policy Centre for
Inclusive Growth. United Nations Development Programme.
• Devereux S and Sabates-Wheeler R. (2004). Transformative Social
Protection. IDS Working Paper 232. Sussex: Institute of Development
Studies.
• Holmes, R. and N. Jones (2013). Gender and social protection in the
developing world: beyond mothers and safety nets, Zed Books Ltd.
• ILO. (2017). World Social Protection Report 2017-19. Geneva: ILO.
• UNICEF. (2019). UNICEF’s Social Protection Programme Framework
2019. New York: UNICEF.
Comprises social safety nets, social insurance, and labour market programs and social services (World Bank, 2015)
Gender entitlement systems influence access to health, education, productive resources, and income
Gendered division of labor exists across productive and reproductive work
Social status can influence bargaining power both within the household and community
“…Social protection must go beyond a narrow focus targeting women in the capacity as mothers, and also support women’s and girl’s empowerment and gender equity aims more strategically…”
Objectives:
Explicitly state equal access to food, etc.
Define areas of empowerment
Conduct messaging around these objectives with participants & staff
Targeting
Remove barriers which prevent individuals from participating
Take into account self-exclusion and discrimination
Graph represents non-contributory programmes; mapping of components so one programme can be counted twice here
According to ILO (2017), at global level, 170 out of 186 countries have a scheme anchored in national legislation providing periodic cash benefits to persons with disabilities. The remaining countries provide lump sums or have no schemes anchored in law.
Different mappings of non-contributory social protection programmes in Africa (mainly SSA) and MENA show that:
Most of the programmes target multiple population and age groups
Most the programmes have a target on poor households, children, elderly and also people with disability (see next slides).
Examples of integrated programming and cash plus:
Measures which can increase
Health insurance
Access to credit
Accumulation of assets
Access to labor-saving technologies
Legal and political literacy
Skills training
Job placement
Child care services
Link to broader measures, such as anti-discrimination laws related to property ownership, inheritance, etc