Mainly discussed causses of urban slum in indian context_A nd concept of city blights.

1. Urban Slum and City Blights
TRIPURA UNIVERSITY
(A CENTRAL UNIVERSITY)
GEOGRAPHY AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT
PAPER CODE- GEDM 1004E
ENROLLMENT NO-1806100012
SUBMITED BY-
UTPAL BARMAN
DATE-13/06/2020

2. Urban Slum and City Blights
Before further discussion about an Urban Slum and city blights
we should know What actually this is? How its form ?
Slum:The definition of a slum is a house or a neighbourhood that
is in poor condition and that is generally considered unsafe and
not nice to live or be in.
Definition of slum by UN Habitat: A slum is an area that
combines to various extents the following characteristics
1. Inadequate access to safe water
2. Inadequate access to sanitation and other infrastructure
3. Poor structural quality of housing
4. Overcrowding
5. Insecure residential status

3. According to Census of India(2011)
A compact area at least 300 population or about 60-70 household
of poorly built congested tenements in unhygienic
environment usually which inadequate infrastructure and
lacking in proper sanitary and drinking water facilities .
Characteristics:
1. Slums are characteristics that vary from place to place.
2. Slums are usually characterized by urban decay, high rates of
poverty, and unemployment .
3. They are commonly seen as "breeding grounds" for social
problems such as crime, drug addiction, alcoholism, high
rates of mental illness, and suicide.
4. In many slums, especially in poor countries, many live in very
narrow alleys that do not allow vehicles to pass.

4.  Appearance:A slum looks neglected with disorderly buildings,
roads and yards.
 Economic status: slum is a poverty prone area generally poor
people reside there.
 Overcrowding:this is a specific characteristic of slum
 Population :heterogeneous occupancy is the order of the day. A
slum may have separate area of linguistic, culture, economic,
religious and caste groups.

5. Probable reasons for upcoming slums in
India
1. Urbanization
2. Industrialization
3. Higher productivity in these condary/tertiary sector against
primary sector makes cities and towns centres of economic
growth and jobs
4. Cities act as beacons for the rural population as they
represent a higher standard of living and offer opportunities
to people not available in rural areas . This results in large
scale migration from rural to urban areas.
5. Negative consequences of urban pull results in up coming of
slums characterized by housing shortage and critical
inadequacies in public utilities, overcrowding, unhygienic
conditions, etc

6. Causes of slums
Slum
Slow
economic
growth
Poverty
More
oppurtuni
tes in
cities
Urban
Migratio
n
Govt
convanan
ce
High
populatio
n
Urban
Miration
Inadequat
e housing
in cities

7. STATE SHARE OF SLUM POPULATION TO TOTAL SLUM
POPULATION OF INDIA
Source: Primary Census Abstract for Slum, 2011 Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

8. Types of Slum
1. Notified slums : All notified areas in a town or city notified as
‘Slum’ by State, Union territories Administration or Local
Government under any Act including a ‘Slum Act’ are
considered as Notified slums.
2. Recognized slums: All areas recognised as ‘Slum’ by State,
Union territories Administration or Local Government,
Housing and Slum Boards, which may have not been
formally notified as slum under any act are considered as
Recognized slums.
3. Identified slums : A compact area of at least 300 population or
about 60-70 households of poorly built congested tenements,
in unhygienic environment usually with inadequate
infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and drinking
water facilities are considered as Identified slums.

9. Total no slums Identified in India
• Census 2001 Total Number
of Towns reported slums–
1743
• 1st phase – 640 towns
• 2nd phase – 1103 towns
Census
• 2011 Total Number of
Towns reported slums–
2613
Source: Primary Census Abstract for Slum, 2011 Office of the Registrar General &
Census Commissioner, India

10. Dharavi, Mumbai Shibpur,kollkata
Image source:Shutterstock.com,2003

11. Percentage of slum population (2011,2001)
Source: Primary Census Abstract for Slum, 2011 Office of the Registrar General & Census
Commissioner, India

12. City Blights
• Urban decay (also known as urban rot and urban blight) is
the sociological process by which a previously functioning
city, or part of a city, falls into disrepair and decrepitude. It
may feature
deindustrialization, depopulation or deurbanization, economic
restructuring, abandoned buildings and infrastructure, high
local unemployment, increased poverty, fragmented families,
low overall living standards and quality of life,
political disenfranchisement, crime, elevated levels of
pollution, and a desolate cityscape also came under City
Blights.

13. Problem of city Blights
1. Old housing and poor living condition: Building are over
crowded,and provision of facilities sub standard.
2. Poor environmental conditions: Narrow streets, poor
drainage , congestion and pollution.
3. Poor pedestrians linkages system: Such as insufficient
pavements, intrusive vehicular traffic, and poor pedestrian
link in network linking housing areas with commercial and
communities facilities.
4. Concentration of new people and immigrants: The poor
conditions cause richer people move out the area. Living low
income people and behind.
5. Lack of open space:

14. In what ways can urban redevelopment solve the
problem?
Rehabilitation
Revitalization
Conservation
Redevelopment

15. Redevelopment
• The sites with old, dilapidated buildings with
poor living conditions will be deplaned and
rebuilt to achieve clear environmental and social
benefits such as open space and community
facilities.
• Restructuring the local road and transport
network and open spaces, to achieve a better
utilization of land and improve the overall
district environment.

16. Conservation
• to retain and enhance mumbai unique culture
and heritage. This will include the preservation
of buildings with historical, architectural and
cultural value and the retention of the local
colour and character of different districts.

17. Revitalization
Strengthen the design and quality of local
features in run-down districts such as by turning
streets into pedestrian districts with
themes.
seeks to prevent the decay of the built
environment of by promoting and assisting the maintenance
and improvement of individual buildings by owners.
Rehabilitation

18. The problems related to urban redevelopment
1. Difficulty in property resumption
2. difficult to buy all the buildings needed for
redevelopment because of the complex land and
property ownership in these areas
3. Residents objection
4. Fear loss of their present business or jobs as
they are often poverty-stricken
5. The rent and living expenditure will be higher
if they move out the region
6. The aged residents want to preserve the social
bonds and the neighbourhood
7. High cost of redevelopment
8. Involves a lot of time and money in
compensation, which delay the renewal projects

19. Before After
Image source: Publichealthpost.org
City blights

20. References
Web references
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_slums_in_India
 https://www.powershow.com/view4/84469c-
ZjIwO/Urban_Decay_powerpoint_ppt_presentation
 https://www.habitatforhumanity.org.uk/blog/2018/08/causes-urban-
poverty-india/
 www.censusindia.gov.in,2011
 https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/17-of-urban-India-lives-in-
slums-Census/articleshow/19118219.cms