2. Kievan Rus’, IX century
Saints Cyril and Methodius
•New Testament
•Psalter
•Prayer book
3. Much less over-literal rendering
Flavius Josephus's
Books of the History
of the Jewish War
against the Romans
4. Maximus the Greek
XVI century
•Translating with
comments
•Editing the existing
translations
•Writing about
the translation art
5. Translators of the XVIIth Century
• Foreigners
• Monks (Epifany
Slavinetsky, Arsenios the
Greek, Dionysius the
Greek)
• Part-time translators
• Translators by birth
(Andrey Matveyev, Prince
Kropotkin)
7. “Russian Assembly”
first professional translators organization
(Petersburg Academy of Science, 1735)
Mikhail Lomonosov
Vasily Trediakovsky
Alexander Sumarokov
8. Official School of Foreign Languages
under St.Petesburg Academy of Sciences
•Latin
•German
•French
9. Translation as a form of creativity
The first samples of poetic translation
“Voyage de l'Ile d'Amour” written by P. Tallemant,
translated by Vasily Trediakovsky
“Epistles” written by Horace,
translated by Antiochus Kantemir
10. XIX century or the Golden Age
Nikolay Karamzin Vasily Zhukovsky
11. XIX century or the Golden Age
Alexander Pushkin Mikhail Lermontov
12. World Literature Publishing House
1918-1924
initiated by Maxim Gorky
• Mikhail Lozinsky
• Tatiana Schepkina-Kupernik
• Samuil Marshak
• Nikolai Liubimov
• Evgeniia Kalashnikova
translated such prominent writers and poets as
Honoré de Balzac, Anatole France, Stendhal, Heinrich
Heine, Friedrich Schiller, George Byron, Charles
Dickens, Bernard Shaw, Mark Twain etc.
13. The Maxim Gorky Literature Institute
The Institute’s curriculum
comprises the course of
Humanities, seminars on
different kinds and genres
of fiction (prose, poetry,
drama), Literary critic,
Publisizm and Translating
of fiction. Today many
famous writers hold
master-classes at the
14. If earlier translators’ activity was
considered only in connection with
translation of fiction, today, their
role changed dramatically in terms
of social importance. Translation of
specialized texts
•informative,
•economic,
•legal,
•technical,
•advertizing etc.
became more relevant.
XXI century and new challenges
