2. The Life and Works of
Manuel
Acuña
Roxas
The 5th President of the Philippines

3. “If you don't know history,
then you don't know anything.
You are a leaf that doesn't know it is
a part of a tree.”
Michael Crichton
author, screenwriter, and film producer

4. WHO IS
MANUEL
ROXAS?
WHAT WE'LL DISCUSS
Personal Information
Education
Political Career
Presidency
• Political Agenda
• Economic Agenda
• Social Agenda
Controversies
Death
Legacy

5. PERSONAL
INFORMATION
Manuel Roxas y Acuña
Born on January 1, 1892 in Capiz (now Roxas
City), Capiz Province
His parents are Gerardo Roxas I and Rosario
Acuña
His wife is Trinidad Roxas
Died on April 15, 1948 at the age of 56 in Clark
Air Base, Pampanga due to a heart attack

6. PERSONAL
INFORMATION
Manuel Roxas y Acuña
His political party is the Liberal Party, but
before 1945 he was affiliated with the
Nacionalista Party
He was a Brigadier General in the USAFFE, a
recognized guerilla leader and military leader
of the Philippine Commonwealth Army

7. EDUCATION
1913 Bar Exams
University of the Philippines – College of
Law
He was the University of the Philippines’ very first
bar top-notcher
Manuel Roxas graduated as a valedictorian

8. POLITICAL CAREER
1917
Member of the
municipal
council of Capiz
1919 - 1922
Youngest
governor of his
province
1922 - 1933
Elected to the Philippine
House of Representatives;
he was the Speaker of the
House for 12 consecutive
years

9. POLITICAL CAREER
1941
Secretary of
Finance
1945 - 1946
Senator of the
Philippines; 2nd
President of the
Senate
1934 - 1935
Member of the
Constitutional
Convention

10. POLITICAL CAREER
Before the Presidency elections of 1946, Roxas and his
friends left the Nacionalista Party
Together with Elpidio Quirino, Roxas founded the
Liberal Party
Roxas then became the said party’s Presidential
Candidate

11. POLITICAL CAREER
Roxas went up against Sergio Osmeña, Sr. for President,
with 54% percent of the vote, Roxas won
Roxas was the last President of the Commonwealth of the
Philippines and the first President of the new Republic

12. PRECIDENCY
Political Agenda
Economic Agenda
Social Agenda

13. POLITICAL
AGENDA
April 23, 1946
July 04, 1946
Roxas together with his running mate won swiftly
as President and Vice President respectively. They
took office on May 26, 1946
The Philippine Indepence was proclaimed and
Roxas became the first President of the Republic

14. POLITICAL
AGENDA
Passage of the Treaty of General Relations
The approval of the Tydings Rehabilitation
Act of 1946
Stated that America withdrew the control over the
Philippines except the military bases and
surrender
Amounting to $120,000,000
Political Developments Achieved

15. POLITICAL
AGENDA
The passing of the Party Rights
Approved the Bell Trades Relations Act
Gave Americans the equal rights to the Filipinos
in exploiting the Philippine natural resources
Free trade relations between the United States and
the Philippines for 8 years until 1954
General Amnesty Program of 1946
Proclaimed to end the guerilla problem in the
country
Political Developments Achieved

16. ECONOMIC
AGENDA
19.23 mil
(1948)
₱ 85,269
mil (1947)
39.5%
(1947-48)
₱4,4341 US$=₱2
₱1=US$0.50
₱ 24,824 mil

17. ECONOMIC
AGENDA
-President Roxas
The country was facing near bankruptcy. There
was no national economy, no export trade.
"The system of free but guided enterprise is our
system"

18. ECONOMIC
AGENDA
Philippine Rehabilitation Finance
Corporation
Central Bank of the Philippines
In the sugar industry, President Roxas would
succeed in increasing production from 13,000
tons to an all-high of one million tons.
This entity would be responsible for the
construction of twelve thousand houses and for
the grant of easy-term loans in the amount of
₱177,000,000.
Would help stabilize the Philippine dollar
reserves and coordinate and the nations banking
activities gearing them to the economic progress.

19. ECONOMIC
AGENDA
Reconstruction after the war
Agrarian Reform
The new Republic began to function on an annual
deficit of over ₱200,000,000 with little prospect
of a balanced budget for some years to come
In 1946, shortly after his induction to Presidency,
Manuel Roxas proclaimed the Rice Share Tenancy
Act of 1933 effective throughout the country.

20. Amnesty Proclamation
Huks outlawed
Roxas granted full amnesty to all so-called
Philippine collaborators, many of whom were on
trial or awaiting to be tried, particularly former
President José P. Laurel
Disgusted with the crimes being committed by
the guerilla movement Hukbó ng Bayan Laban sa
Hapón and possessing evidence of their
subversion, Roxas issued a proclamation
outlawing the Huk movement on March 6, 1948
SOCIAL AGENDA

21. Surplus War Property Scandal
The US government created the Surplus Property
Act of 1944, which disposed $90 billion of surplus
war property to the Philippines.
Roxas reportedly did not use the funds to re-
establish the country’s economy and progress, but
pocketed the money for his personal gain.
CONTROVERSIES
Corruption
Roxas’ administration was filled with graft &
corruption

22. CONTROVERSIES
Military Violence
Provincial military police abuses their powers
over the countryside civilians through violence
This would lead to the rise of the left-wing
movement of the Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa
Hapon (Hukbalahap or Huks) which was lead by
their supremo, Luis Taruc

23. April 15, 1948 (56 years old & 3 mos);
Clark Air Base, Pampanga; heart attack
On the very morning of the day of his death,
Roxas mentioned of feeling dizzy right after
giving a speech at Clark Air Base in
Pampanga
The evening then; he died
DEATH

24. Various cities in the Philippines have been renamed after him; Roxas, Oriental
Mindoro, the first town to be named as such; Roxas City, Capiz; President Roxas,
Capiz; President Roxas, Cotabato; and Roxas, Isabela. Dewey Boulevard in the
City of Manila was also renamed in his memory.
Roxas is considered as one of the smartest President of the Philippines,
especially when it comes to economy
He is also known for being a great orator or public speaker
LEGACY

25. “He can’t be replaced.
I don’t know how long before the race
can produce another Manuel Roxas”
President Manuel Quezon
Quezon on his letter to General MacArthur (1942)

26. GECRPH-18 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
Manuel
Acuña
Roxas
The 5th President of the Philippines

27. thank you for listening

29. QUIZ
1. Considered as one of the smartest president
of the Philippines, especially when it comes
to economy.
A)Jose P. Laurel
B)Sergio Osmeña
C)Manuel Roxas
D)Manuel Quezon

30. QUIZ
2. How old was he when he died?
A)56 yrs & 10 mos
B)56 yrs & 7 mos
C)56 yrs & 3 mos
D)56 yrs & 4 mos

31. QUIZ
3. He is the founder of what party?
A)Nacionalista Party
B)Democratic Party
C)Liberal Party
D)Republic Party

32. QUIZ
4. He founded this party with whom?
A)Gregorio Aglipay
B)Manuel Quezon
C)Elpidio Quirino
D)Sergio Osmeña

33. QUIZ
5. When did Roxas became the first President
of the Republic?
A)July 6, 1946
B)July 4, 1947
C)July 4, 1946
D)June 4, 1946

34. QUIZ
6. Roxas was the last President of what
administrative body?
A)Dictatorship
B)Communist
C)Commonwealth
D)Republic

35. QUIZ
7. What was Roxas’ first political career?
A)Governor
B)Mayor
C)Capiz Municipal
Council member
D)None of the above

36. QUIZ
8. Roxas is also known for being a great ___
A)Economist
B)Philosopher
C)Orator
D)Lawyer

37. QUIZ
9. Among his grandchildren, who ran for the
presidential elections back in 2016?
A)Mer Roxas
B)Mor Roxas
C)Mir Roxas
D)Mar Roxas

38. QUIZ
10. Who did Manuel Roxas went up against
for precidency?
A)Elpidio Quirino
B)Sergio Osmeña III
C)Sergio Osmeña, Sr.
D)Sergio Osmeña, Jr.

39. QUIZ
11. What does HUKBALAHAP stands for?
12. Roxas was the very first bar top-notcher in
what university?
13. Who was his wife?
14. At what years did Roxas’ presidential term
started & ended?

40. QUIZ
15. In UP-CoL he graduated with what award?
16-18. Give 3 of Roxas’ legacies as mentioned
19. Who is the supremo of HUKBALAHAP?
20. What is Manuel Roxas’ middle name?