2. What is a Fuel Cell Vehicle?
●A type of electric vehicle that employs ‘fuel cell technology’
to generate the electricity required to run the vehicle.
●In these vehicles, the chemical energy of the fuel is
converted directly into electric energy.
●Every FCEVs uses several hundred fuel cells. Individually they
don’t produce much power, so a large number are combined
into what is called a “stack.”
3. How does fuel cell work?
● Hydrogen gas, when in the
presence of oxygen, can react
explosively, producing light
and heat after the addition of
a small amount of activation
energy (heat from a flame).
The reaction for burning
hydrogen is
● 2 H2 (g) +O2 (g) ↔2 H2O (l)
+Energy
4. ● Inside the fuel cell stack, compressed hydrogen gas and
oxygen are passed through an electrochemical catalyst.
● The catalyst in each cell strips the electrons from the
hydrogen atoms.
● The electrons are collected in the stack and released to flow
through appropriate wiring to power the vehicle’s electric
motor.
● A small lithium-ion battery stores any excess power until it is
needed
6. Why do we need FCEV?
● Fuel cell vehicles are being developed because they promise
to meet the requirements expected of automobiles in a
market increasingly constrained by environmental and
resource limitations.
● Air pollution and oil dependence have been persistent
challenges for vehicles powered by petroleum fuels (gasoline
and diesel).
● Global warming presents a new challenge in the need to
limit carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel
combustion.
7. FCEV and its counterpart Electric Vehicles
BEV HEV FCEV
Driving Component Electric motor Electric motor, ICE Electric motor
Energy Source Battery, Ultracapacitor Battery, ICE,
Ultracapacitor
Fuel Cell
Features ● No emission
● Not dependent on oil
● Range depends largely
on the type
● of battery used
● Available
Commercially
● Very little emission
● Long-range
● Can get power from
both electric supply &
fuel
● Complex structure
having both electrical
& mechanical
drivetrains
● Available
commercially
● Very little or no emission
● High efficiency
● Not dependent on supply
of electricity
● High price
● Available commercially
Problems ● Battery price &
capacity
● Charging time
● High price
● Availability of
charging stations
● Range
● Management of the
energy source
● Battery & engine size
optimization
● Cost of fuel cell
● Feasible way to produce
fuel
● Availability of fueling
facilities
9. Challenges faced by FCEV
● Vehicle cost
● FCVs are currently more
expensive than
conventional vehicles and
hybrids. However, costs
have decreased significantly
and are approaching DOE's
goal for 2020
● Getting Hydrogen to
Consumers
● The current infrastructure
for producing and getting
hydrogen to consumers
cannot yet support the
widespread adoption of
FCVs.
10. Challenges faced by FCEV
● Fuel Cell Durability and
Reliability
● Fuel cell systems are not
yet as durable as internal
combustion engines,
especially in some
temperature and humidity
ranges. On-road fuel cell
stack durability is currently
about half of what is
needed for
commercialization.
● Public Education
● FCVs must be embraced by
consumers before their
benefits can be realized. As
with any new vehicle
technology, consumers
may have concerns about
the dependability and
safety of these vehicles
when they first hit the
market. Plus, they must
become familiar with a new
kind of fuel. Public
