cardamom

1. TAMIL NADU AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
Coimbatore-641003
Production technology of Spice crops
PSM 502 (2+1)
Assignment
on
PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES IN SMALL CARDAMOM
BY:-
VISHNU KUMAR MISHRA
ID NO 13-533-011
1st M.Sc.(Hort)

3.  Queen of spices
 Habitat – Western Ghats
 Cross pollination crops
 perennial , monocot , herbaceous
 Area- 71,170 ha, Production- 11,000 t
Max. production- Kerala (8545t)
2011-2012

4. Types of propagation
 Seed
propagation
 Vegetative
propagation
 Rapid
clonal propagation
 Micro
propagation

5. Steps –
Primary nursery
Selection of seeds
Pre sowing Seed treatment
Sowing
Mulching
Secondary nursery
-bed nursery
-poly bag nursery

6.  Sloppy
land
 Raise the bed:20cm ht, 1 m width, convenient
length
 Soil solarisation

7. Seed extraction from ripen capsule in sept-oct
 Seed collection from mother plant having:






Vigorous growth
High yielding
Compact panicle
High % of fruit set
Free from pests and diseases
More no. of tillers

8. After picking capsules are immersed in water
 Seed extraction with gently press
 Seeds are wash in water to remove mucilage
 Seed are smeared with wood ash and shade dried
 Acid treatment for better germination
 Temperature have greater influence on germination

Treatment
Mode
Con. Nitric acid
Soaking
Conc. Hydrochloric Soaking
acid
25 per cent Nitric Soaking
acid
Germination percentage
Duration
(increase or decrease over
control)
five
nine per cent increase
minutes
five
Increased germination
minutes
10
55 per cent increase (fresh seeds)
minutes
25 per cent increase (six to eight
months old seeds)

9. 




Line sowing
1 kg of seed to get 5000 seedling, i.e. half kg seed for an acre
Cover with thin layer sand
Germination starts in about 22-25 days
Avoid direct sunlight, rainfall by providing pandal

10. With paddy straw & dry leaves
 Sometimes with coconut coir dust & goose berry le

11. Bed nursery
 Poly bag nursery


12.  Preparations
of bed same as primary nursery
 Cattle manure thoroughly mixed with soil
 Seedling transplanted at 4-5 leaf stage in June -July at
20-25 cm distance
 Nutrition: 45g N, 30g P2O5 & 60g K2O in three equal
splits at 45 days interval
Poly bag nursery
 Polythene
bags size: 20x20 cm & 100 gauge thickness
 Bags filled with jungle top soil, cowdung and sand
(3:1:1)
 Then transferred to main field in first week of June
after 10 months of sowing

13.  Through division of rhizomes
-
Portion of rhizome with one old and one young
shoot
- Bear earlier than seedling

14. Rhizomes of cardamom

15. Planting unit: one grown up sucker & a young growing shoot
Trenches with 45 cm width, 45 cm depth, length convenient opened
Filled with jungle soil, compost, & top soil
Planting units are planted at 1.8x0.6m spacing
Overhead protection by erecting pandal
Irrigation once in week, fertilizers given @ 48:48:96g NPK in two split doses

16.  32-42
suckers produced from one planting unit
after 12 months
 Hence in one hectare of clonal nursery about
1,48,144 – 1,94,439 plants produced in 12 months

17. Micropropagation
“… the art and
science of multiplying
plants in vitro.”

18. First commercial level tissue culture production
 Explant- young sprouting tillers (8-10 cm) in march to may is
ideal
 Tissue cultured plants are harden in sand filled cups in mist
chamber at 80% RH


19. Micropropagation stages
1. Selection of plant material
2. Establish aseptic culture
3. Multiplication
4. Shoot elongation
5. Root induction / formation
6. Acclimatization

20. Procedure
Preparation of media(Schenk & Hidebrandt Medium)
Transplant of explant in media
For shoot induction , addition of BAP, KN & Coconut milk each @ 0.5mg/l
and
also IAA 2mg/l growth factors D- Biotin and calcium pantothenate @
The bud elongation takes place on M1 medium
0.1mg/l
Transfer of shoots in fresh medium after every 5 weeks
Primary culture is transferred to shoot multiplication medium M2
Achieve a ht of 30-40 mm in 12 weeks
White’s rooting medium used for rooting and further shoot elongation
Rate of multiplication 1:3/month

21. Rooting percentage 86-93%
4-5 cm rooted shoots transferred for hardening and acclimatization
Planting medium:- sterilized top soil and compost
Plantlets are acclimatized in nursery for 2-3 months
transferred to main field at stage of 20-30 cm ht

22. Tip bud
Leaf
Axillary
bud
Internode
Root
Starting material for
Micropropagation

24. Callus formation

25. Shoot organogenesis

26. Rooting

27. Hardening process