This is the ppt file of basic and parts of transformer.

1. S.K.D.A.V GOVT. POLYTECHNIC, BASANTI NAGAR, ROURKELA
GUIDED BY:- P. P minz
H.O.D:-P.P MINZ
PREPARED BY:-WASIQ HEYAT KHAN
ROLL NO:-61
BRANCH:-ELECTRICAL
SEMESTER:3rd
Seminar report on
TRANSFORMER

3. WHAT IS A TRANSFORMER?
� A transformer is an electrical device that
transfers electrical energy from one circuit to
another by electromagnetic induction (also called
transformer action). It is used to step up or step
down ac voltage.

4. PARTS OF THE TRANSFORMER

5. BASIC PARTS OF A TRANSFORMER
� These are the basic components of a
transformer.
� Laminated core
� Windings
� Insulating materials
� Transformer oil
� Buchholz Relay
� Oil Conservator
� Breather
� Cooling tubes

6. CORE

7. CORE
� The core acts as support to the winding in the
transformer. It also provides a low reluctance path
to the flow of magnetic flux.
� It is made of laminated soft iron core in order to
reduce eddy current loss and Hysteresis loss.
� The composition of a transformer core depends on
such as factors voltage, current, and frequency.
� The diameter of the transformer core is directly
proportional to copper loss and is inversely
proportional to iron loss.
� When the diameter of the core is increased.

8. WINDING

9. WINDING
� Two sets of winding are made over the transformer
core and are insulated from each other. Winding
consists of several turns of copper conductors bundled
together, and connected connected in series.
� Winding can be classified in two different
ways: Based on the input and output supply
Based on the voltage range

10. WINDING
� Within the input/output supply classification,
winding are further categorized:
� Primary winding - These are the winding to which
the input voltage is applied.
� Secondary winding - These are the winding to which
the output voltage is applied

11. INSULATING MATERIALS
� Insulating paper and cardboard are used in
transformers to isolate primary and secondary
winding from each other and from the
transformer core.
� Transformer oil is another insulating material.
� Transformer oil performs two important
functions: in addition to insulating function, it
can also cool the core and coil assembly.
� The transformer's core and winding must be
completely immersed in the oil.

12. CONSERVATOR
� The conservator conserves the transformer oil. It is an
airtight, metallic, cylindrical drum that is fitted above
the transformer.
� The conservator is connected to the main tank inside
the transformer, which is completely filled with
transformer oil through a pipeline.

13. BREATHE
R

14. BREATHER
� The breather controls the moisture level in the
transformer. Moisture can arise when
temperature variations cause expansion and
contraction of the insulating oil, which then
causes the pressure to change inside the
conservator.
� If the insulating oil encounters moisture, it can
affect the paper insulation or may even lead to
internal faults. Therefore, it is necessary that the air
entering the tank is moisture-free.
� The transformer's breather is a cylindrical container
that is filled with silica gel.

15. COOLING TUBES

16. COOLING TUBES
� Cooling tubes are used to cool the transformer
oil.
� The transformer oil is circulated through the
cooling tubes.
� The circulation of the oil may either be natural
or forced. In natural circulation, when the
temperature of the oil rises the hot oil naturally
rises to the top and the cold oil sinks downward.
� Thus the oil naturally circulates through the
tubes. In forced circulation, an external pump is
used to circulate the oil.

17. BUCHHOLZ RELAY
● The Buchholz relay protects the transformer from
internal faults. It is the gas actuated relay. The
Buchholz relay is placed between the main tank and
the conservator. Such type of relay is used in the
transformer having the rating higher than 500KVA. It
is not used in small transformer because of economic
consideration.

19. Types of transformer
1. Shell types-
The shape of this transformer is rectangular and it
includes three essential parts like one core and two
windings which are shown in the following figure. It
has two windings namely primary and secondary. The
arrangement of these windings can be done in one
limb. The coils of this transformer can be wounded in
the form of the multi-layer disc where these layers are
insulated through the paper from each other.

20. 2. Core type
In this Core type transformer, the windings surround a
considerable part of the core. Generally, the core of the
core-type transformer is a rectangular shape and the coils
are both circular or rectangular inform and the windings
are located on the opposite limbs of the core .

21. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CORE AND SHELL TYP
CORE TYPE
1. Its core has two arms.
2. It has winding in both arm.
3. It has one path for flow of flux.
4. Leakage flux is maximum.
5. Amount of losses is more.
SHELL TYPE
1. Its core has threw arms.
2. Only middle arm has winding.
3. It has two path for flow of flux.
4. Leakage flux is minimum.
5. Amount of losses is less.

22. 1. STEP UP TRANSFORMER
A step-up transformer is a type of transformer that
converts the low voltage (LV) and high current from the
primary side of the transformer to the high voltage (HV)
and low current value on the secondary side of the
transformer. The reverse of this is known as a step down
transformer.

23. 2.STEP Down TRANSFORMER
● A step-down transformer is a type of transformer that
converts the high voltage (HV) and low current from
the primary side of the transformer to the low voltage
(LV) and high current value on the secondary side of
the transformer. The reverse of this is known as a step
up transformer.

24. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF TRANSFORMER
.The main principle of operation of a transformer is mutual
inductance between two circuits which is linked by a
common magnetic flux. A basic transformer consists of two
coils that are electrically separate and inductive, but are
magnetically linked through a path of reluctance.

25. LOSSES IN A TRANSFORMER