Formal elements of game

1. GDCV1845/GDSS1845 – Videogames and arts
Class 03
Formal elements of game and play

2. Class 03
Schedule
Formal elements of game

3. Types of elements
Elements in game
Formal elements
Dramatic elements
Dynamic elements

4. Formal elements
Formal elements in game
Players
Objectives
Procedures
Rules
Resources
Conflict
Boundaries
Outcome

5. Players
Invitation to game

6. Number of players
Single player

7. Number of players
Multi-players

8. Player interaction
Player and players
Single player vs. game
Multi-individual players vs. game
Player vs. player
Unilateral competition
Multilateral competition
Cooperative play
Team competition

9. Player interaction

10. Cooperative Play
Cooperative Play

11. Multiple Individual Player vs Game
Multiple Individual Player vs Game

12. Multilateral Competition
Multilateral Competition

13. Unilateral Competition
Unilateral Competition

14. Game objectives
Objectives
Capture
Chase
Race
Alignment
Rescue / escape
Construction
Exploration
Solution

15. Capture or kill
DOOM

16. Chase
Maximum Chase

17. Race
Uncle Wiggily

18. Alignment
Bejeweled

19. Rescue or escape
Prince of Persia 3D

20. Construction
Animal Crossing

21. Exploration
Colossal Cave Adventure

22. Solution
Myst – puzzle

23. Game procedures
Procedures
Starting action
Progression of action
Special actions
Resolving actions

24. Game procedures
Magic the Gathering

25. Game procedures

26. Game rules
Rules
Defining objects and concepts
Restricting actions
Determining effects

27. Defining objects
Jungle

28. Restricting actions
Twister

29. Determining effects
Triple six?

30. Game resources
Resources
Lives
Units
Health
Currency
Actions
Power-ups
Inventory
Special terrain
Time

31. Lives
Lives left

32. Units
Checkers

33. Health
Diablo

34. Currency
Ultima Online – Gold

35. Actions
Bullet time – focus

36. Power-ups
Magic mushrooms

37. Inventory
Weapons

38. Terrain
Warcraft – gold mine

39. Time – count down
Ticking bomb

40. Conflict
Conflict
Obstacles
Opponents
Dilemmas

41. Obstacle
Physical obstacle

42. Puzzle in game
Mental obstacle

43. Opponent
Player opponent

44. Dilemma
Which orientation?

45. Game space
Boundaries
The game is temporary, that it will end, or that you can
leave or quit if you don’t want to play anymore.

46. Boundaries
Physical boundary

47. Boundaries
Virtual boundary

48. Boundaries
Emotional boundary

49. Big Urban Game
Alternate reality game

50. Pokemon Go
Augmented reality game

51. Game result
Outcome
Must be uncertain to hold the attention of the players. It
is resolved in a measurable and unequal outcome.

52. Game outcome
Zero-sum game

53. Game outcome
Either win

54. Game outcome
Or lose

55. Game outcome
Winning more or winning less

56. Game outcome
Finishing the story

57. Game outcome
Game over is not over

58. Game outcome
Win or lose?

59. Game outcome
Keep fit as a outcome ?

60. Summary
Formal elements in game
Players
Objectives
Procedures
Rules
Resources
Conflict
Boundaries
Outcome