1. PHYSIOLOGY
LONG ESSAY
10 MARKS EACH
1. Give the normal tensions of respiratory gases in arterial and venous
blood . Describe in
detail chemical control of respiration
2. With a graphs explain the mechanism of air entry and exit from lungs .
Explain in detail mechanics of respiration.
3. What are the respiratory centers ? explain their role in Respiration.
4. Draw and label CO2 Dissociation curve. Explain CO2 transport in blood
5. Draw and label spirogram showing different volumes and capacities
giving their definitions and values normal. Add a note on FEV

2. SHORT ANSWERS
3 MARKS EACH
1. Draw and label neat diagram of respiratory membrane
2. Dyspnoeic index
3. What is meant by Exocytosis and Endocytosis? Give one example for
each
4. Explain facilitated diffusion with an example
5. Na+K+ pump
6. Surfactant
7. Periodic breathing
8. Oxygen dissociation curve
9. Swallowing
10. Name ‘Voltage Gated’ channels and ‘Ligand Gated’ channels.
11. Location and innervation of peripheral chemoreceptors.
12. Name two principles to determine volume of body fluid compartments.
13. Calculate alveolar ventilation at a respiratory rate of 12 per minute, tidal
volume of 400 ml and dead space air of 100 ml and comment.
14. What are accessory muscles of inspiration? Name them.
15. What is hyaline membrane disease?
16. List the functions of Nasal Cavity.
17. Define the following giving their normal values: (a) Inspiratory Reserve
Volume (b)Vital Capacity
18. Give the volume of carbondioxide transported in arterial and venous
blood . what is the significance of arterial PCO2 ?
19. Asphyxiax
20. Explain purpura and cyanosis

3. SHORT ESSAY
5 MARKS EACH
1. Explain how inspiration and expiration occurs during quiet breathing
2. Give normal values of forced vital capacity and timed vital capacity. Discuss their clinical
significance
3. Intercellular connections
4. Classify Hypoxia. Explain any two of them .Explain the role of O2 treatment in different
Types of Hypoxia
5. Chloride shift
6. Chemical regulation of respiration
7. Lung function tests
8. Cough reflex
9. Dead space
10. Draw a labelled diagram of intrapleural pressure curve. Explain the basis of changes.
11. Explain changes taking place in respiratory system during muscular exercise
12. Explain the term partial pressure of a gas and draw a graph to show the value of PO2 in
the a)Atmosphere b)Alveoli c)Arterial blood d)Mixed venous blood.
13. Describe causation, manifestations and treatment of Decompression sickness.
14. Factors affecting gaseous diffusion in lungs
15. Oxygen – dissociation curve
16. Write briefly on Respiratory Centers
17. With the help of diagram describe the FEV, in normal and abnormal conditions.
18. Write shortly on respiratory centers
19. Hering – Breuer reflex
20. Artificial respiration