1. Order: Acarina (Tick)
Introduction
 Blood sucking arthopods
 Most important vectors of human and animal diseases
 Life threatening vector (rank second; 1st
Mosquitos)
Transmit greater variety of infections agents
Pest of man, animal and wildlife
 Server toxic condition (Tick Parasysis, Tick Toxicosis)
Economic losses
Tick-borne diseases major threat to livestock industry
 Costs billions of dollars annually to protect livestock from
ticks and tick-borne diseases
1Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

2. Order: Acarina (Ticks)
Zoological Classification/ Systematics of tick
Phylum: Arthopoda
Sub phylum: Chelicerata (Chelicerae digit, shaft, base)
Class: Arachnida (pedipalp, 4 pairs of legs)
Sub-class: Acari (Fusion of body segment)
Order: Acarina (Stigmatal pores)
Sub-order: Ixodoidae (Metastigmata; spiracle, hypostome, sensory organs)
Family: Ixodidae (Hard ticks) Argasidae (Soft ticks)
Genus:
Species: Boophilus microplus Argus percicus
Argus spp
Otobius spp
Ornithodorus spp
Ixodes spp
Boophilus spp
Rhipicephalus spp
Haemaphysalis spp
Dermacentor spp
Hyalomma spp
Amblyomma spp
2Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

3. Terminology/Anatomy of Ticks
Mammillae 3
Scutum, Festoon, Ornate, Porose, Prostraite, Metastraite,
Brevirostrate, Longistrate, Basis capituli, Haller’ s organ,
Mammillae, Pulvillus, Punctations, Alloscutum, plates,
orfice/apperture
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

4. Basic Anatomy of Tick (hard tick)
Alimentary system
Salivary
gland
Respiratory system
Nervous system
Sensory structure
Reproductive system
Male
Female
4Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

5. Mouth part of tick and Feeding Mechanism
5Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

6. Soft tickHard tick
6
Difference?????
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

7. Morphological Identification
Ixodes
7
Longistrate
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

8. Boophilus
Brevirostrate
8Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

9. Haemaphysalis
9Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

10. Rhipicephalus
10
Reddish or blackish brown
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

11. Hyalomma
11
Longistrate
Medium sized tick
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

12. Amblyomma
12
large sized tick
Second palpal segment is about twice as long as third
Mouth part Much longer than basis capituliTick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

13. Dermacentor
13Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

14. Life cycle of One Host tick
Each stage feeds and developed on One Host
14
Complete Metamophosis
Oviposition
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

15. Life cycle of two Host tick
Larva and Nymph feed on one host and adult ticks on a second host
15Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

16. Life cycle of three Host tick
Each stage feeds and developed on different Host
16Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

17. 17
Life cycle of soft tick (Multi host L/C)
 Several oviposition
 7 nymphal stages
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

18. 1. Trans-stadial : (stage to stage/One life stage to Next)
2. Trans-ovarian (Parent to progeny/ one generation to Next)
Vector Competency:
Strategies for Questing (seek) the host
1. Hunter
2. Ambush (Waiter)
18
Diapauses
1. Morphogenetic diapasue
2. Behavioural diapause (most common)
Related terminology:
Hibernation
Aestivation
Hypobiosis
Quiescence (larval stages in
Arthopods)
Related terminology:
Hibernation
Aestivation
Hypobiosis
Quiescence (larval stages in
Arthopods)
Behavior and Ecology
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

19. 19
Water balance by unfed tick
In adverse condition, Life cycle of Tick fall in tow dilemmas :
How to maintain their energy
How maintain water balance
Have to counteract Overhydration (during feeding)
(reinjection water into salivary secretion by Fcell of Type III Acini)
Have to counteract with dehydration (during fasting)
Prevention of dehydration:
Physical barriers
Physiological adaption
Behavioural Mechanisms
Can call some restore mechanisms for rehydration:
 Passive water vapour absorption though cuticle
Catabolic and Anabolic water production
Active absorption of water (Type I salivary acini)
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

20. 20
Pathological significance of Tick infestation/ OR Harm produced by
• General Effect
• Tick Paralysis
• Tick Toxicosis
• Vector importance: Tick-borne diseases
Available Cattle tick in Bangladesh
Control of ticks
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU