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Integrating livestock into cropping system
- 1. Integrating Livestock into Organic Field Cropping Systems ACORN Conference Charlottetown, PEI November 23-‐ 25, 2015 Ruth Knight – Organic Consultant Inc
- 5. 1. Minimize soil disturbance -‐ tillage
- 7. 2. Keep soil covered 24/7
- 9. 3. Living roots as long as possible
- 11. 1. Diversity 4. Diversity
- 13. Cool Season Grasses Oats Winter Rye Winter Triticale Warm Season Grasses Millet Sorghum Sudan Cool Season Broadleaves Radish Turnip Peas Clover Warm Season Broadleaves Sunn Hemp Sunflower Buckwheat Cow Peas Faba Beans
- 14. 5. Integrate livestock
- 15. Gabe Brown, Bismark ND Two similar fields: diverse rotation, no till, cover crops One field had livestock grazing 2 years out of past 6 Field that was grazed: Nitrogen similiar Phosphorous difference 65 # versus 239# Potassium difference 429# versus 595#
- 16. changes in OM 1993 to 2014 1.7-‐1.9% to 5.3-‐6.1% value nutrients N,P,K, S 1% OM $751 5% over $3700
- 17. Fill nutritional quality gaps for livestock Use a grazing chart to show peak growth nutrient wise of rangeland -‐ cool season and warm season Fill in gaps with crop land -‐ grazing corn, turnips/vetch, oat/peas BMR Sorghum Sudan Build grazing plan so try to graze the entire year Minimize the gaps that have to feed hay Use refractometer to check on nutrient quality -‐ Brix
- 18. easiest way to start with integrated livestock fall seeded biennials difficult to get cover crops started in perennial grasses...seed into cropland winter triticale, hairy vetch after cover crop forage winter wheat winter pea hairy vetch and radish brix 16, adg 2.0+ radish will winter kill but radish go several feet deep. adding radish to winter wheat increase yield 5-‐7 bu, nitrogen scavenger release N in spring, help with infiltration
- 21. bring cropland up or regenerate..need to add livestock to cropland allow biennials to get mature with higher carbon state, go with high stock density over 700,000 # ac, move multi moves, use open heifers to matt down carbon, to get more carbon into the soil dung and manure all spread out 368 head X$1.20/head/day = $441.60/acre gross Expenses, seed seeding, land cost, labour $84 net income per acre-‐ $357.60 plus value of enhanced soil health and rest on pasture
- 22. directly seed diverse warm season (late June early July) sorghum sudan, millet, sunflower, buckwheat. cowpea, sunn hemp etc along with some cool season to set the drill, put in the middle notch, large seed push up small seed some spp specific for livestock-‐ plaintain for internal parasite control -‐ no dewormers needed, cattle will select
- 23. cattle eat money for every $1 they consume they will deposit approx .$85 somewhere on your farm will they deposit in the correct location bale graze in the place you want to improve
- 27. Broilers 5# dressed bird sell at the farm 999 birds per farm limit net profit /bird 12.25
- 30. old stock trailer and retrofit -‐ photo sensitive eye above access door use quick coupler to water line in pasture pull eye mobile on opposite side of water move egg mobile every 5 days 600 hens @ 5 days/ac @350eggs/day $583 cost of hen, feed market and processing $156 net profit /ac $427 selling at $4 per doz...$5 next year sell out at market in 5 minutes sell only once per week put hens in hoop house (portable) in winter time
- 33. feed screening from grains pigs on pasture in rotation 11 piglets per sow Ranch Profit $141 Retail Profit $517 Total Net Profit $658 per hog
- 36. 1200# animal at 735 days of age Ranch Profit $998 Retail Profit $645 Total net profit $1633
- 37. hair sheep -‐ no time to work with wool, learning curve 1.6 lambs per ewe slaughter finish on cover crops Ranch Profit $62 Retail profit $128 Total net Profit $190 per lamb $270 per ewe
- 39. 350 cow calf pairs, 400 to 800 stocker cattle, grass finish beef, ewe flock grass finish lambs, egg layers, and broilers, pasture pork, market grain through livestock, limited by slaughter facilities. harvest different levels of energy stacking enterprises -‐ cash crops, lamb, beef, education, poultry, bees, grazing, vegetables, hunting, pork, cover crops, agri-‐tourism
- 40. directly seed diverse warm season (late June early July) sorghum sudan, millet, sunflower, buckwheat, cowpea, sunn hemp along with some cool season to set the drill, put in the middle notch, large seed push up small seed some spp specific for livestock-‐plaintain for internal parasite control -‐ no dewormers needed, cattle will select
- 41. could do early seeding cool season -‐ early spring oat/pea/brassica/clover ADG 2.0 brix 20 -‐ stocker cattle forage pea, forage oats, triticale, hairy vetch, red clover, turnips, sugarbeets
- 42. grazing stimulates plants to release root exudates feed soil biology -‐ improve soil health high residue after grazing go into with another cover crop to integrate into cropping system -‐ if grazing sole activity then use perennials instead of annuals
- 43. short season warm mix -‐ cowpea/proso millet/ buckwheat -‐ ready to graze 40 days cowpea and sudan simple short season tailor mix according to what you need turnips dont bolt -‐ radishes bolt-‐dont put into mix spring
- 44. 2 pass -‐seed hairy vetch the day before plant corn 1 pass white planter with 15" put corn at 30" and vetch on the other Transition – seed cover crop after corn established during last cultivation
- 47. Browns Ranch mindset: be conservative when it comes to deploying capital and spending resources but be innovative when it comes to learning and practicing ideas to achieve land regeneration and insure sustainability Farm operation -‐ limited liability Marketing operation LLC -‐ purchase live animals and produce from ranch, process and direct market the products
- 48. forage based genetics-‐ convert forage to beef in your environment, short thick and easy fleshing, big middle cow size matters -‐ steers finish weight approx 100# heavier than their dam, heifers will finish weight approx 100# lighter than their dam -‐ cows ave over 1500# in North Dakota grass finish 1600# steers or 1400# heifers not going to work
- 49. past year produced 1200# animal at 735 days of age $1022, nursing includes cost of open cows total finished beef net profit ranch $2000 -‐ $1022 =$978 retail profit $645 total net profit $ 1623
- 50. hair sheep -‐ 1.6 lambs per ewe slaughter cost per ewe $115 total cost per finished lamb $117.87 finish on cover crops gross $427 processing market transport $119 live animal cost $180 Ranch Profit $62 Retail Profit $128 Total Net Profit $190 $270 per ewe
- 51. feed screening from grains pigs on pasture in rotation Sow -‐ 11 piglets total cost per finished pig $133.69 gross income $1051 live animal cost $275 Ranch Profit $141 Retail Profit $517 Total Net Profit $658 per hog
- 52. Broilers 5# dressed bird sell at the farm 999 birds per farm limit net profit /bird $12.25
- 53. old stock trailer and retrofit -‐ photo sensitive eye above access door use quick coupler to water line in pasture pull eye mobile on opposite side of water move egg mobile every 5 days 600 hens @ 5 days/ac @ 350 eggs/day cost of hen, feed market and processing $156 net profit /ac $427 selling at $4 per doz...increasing $5 sell out at market in 5 minutes sell only once per week
- 54. need guard dogs to guard sheep have guard dog pups -‐ use border collie $14000 income from pups cost of parents -‐ earn their living
- 55. cattle eat money and for every $1 they consume they will deposit approx .$85 somewhere on your farm bale graze in the place you want to improve -‐ deposit in the correct location feed is added fertility animal impact needs rest and recovery
- 56. Key driver for nutritional status of plants -‐ mineral density in animals and people Key driver to moisture holding capacity -‐often most limiting factor Key driver for farm profit all living things are based on carbon