project report on manufacturing of graphene

1. GRAPHENE REINFORCED METAL
COMPOSITES AND POLYMER
COMPOSITES`
GIBIN SUNNY ` B090565ME
JEFFIN V THOMAS B090367ME
PRADEEP EAPEN MATHEW B090370ME
SUHAS NAHAS B090086ME
VIPIN DAS B090648ME
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2. OBJECTIVE
• To enhance the properties of metals such as Aluminium,
Copper, Magnesium etc and polymers such as PDMS, epoxy,
polyethylene which are extensively used, by reinforcing them
with graphene which is a material having high tensile strength,
thermal conductivity, optical transmittance and various other
mechanical and physical properties.
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3. GRAPHENE
UNIQUE PROPERTIES
• Large theoretical specific area (2360 m2/g)
• Thermal conductivity (∼5000 W/mk )
• High intrinsic mobility (200,000 cm2/sv )
• Extremely high Young’s modulus (∼1.0 TPa)
• Optical transmittance (∼97.7%)
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4. ALUMINIUM
STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS
HIGH STRENGTH TO WEIGHT RATIO
Tensile Strength : 200 MPa to 600 MPa.
Density : 2.70 g·cm−3
APPLICATIONS
• Aircraft industry, marine/shipbuilding industry, AND rail
transport industry
• Engine Blocks, Wheels, Cylinder heads, Bumper beams in
automobiles.
• High pressure gas cylinders.
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5. ALUMINIUM
THERMAL APPLICATIONS
THERMAL PROPERTIES
Thermal Conductivity : 237 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal Expansion : 23.1 µm·m−1·K−1
APPLICATIONS
• Thermal Dissipation by a Fin System that will Draw Heat
away from the Engine Casing
• Heat Exchanger for efficient heat transfer from one fluid to
another
• Heat Sink in various electronic devices
• Heat transfer fin stock and heat transfer tubes in automobiles
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6. POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE
APPLICATIONS
UNIQUE PROPERTIES:
• Highly flexible and relatively good tensile strength
• High Optical Transmittance
• Viscoelastic at high temperatures and can mold to any surface
imperfections
APPLICATIONS
• Construction of Micro and Nanoscale channels for fluid flow
• Micro and Nano fluidic devices
• Cooling of small scale integrated circuits by providing proper
channels for cooling fluid flow
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7. BULK SYNTHESIS OF GRAPHENE
MODIFIED HUMMERS METHOD
Conc. H2SO4 is added KMnO 4 added
Graphite Powder ` kept in ice
and mix gradually at a
+ NaNO3 and
mixed properly bath temperature < 20 C
30% H2O2
was added to Addition of 150ml of The mix stirred for
the mix stirring water keeping in ice 18 hrs in water bath
for 2 hrs. bath, t < 50 C temperature < 35 C
Mixture filtered, Resulting solid
washed with 10% Few Layered
dried in a vacuum graphene flakes
aqueous HCl, and heated in oven
distilled water, are obtained
upto 100 C
ethanol (anhydrous)
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8. GRAPHENE
CHARACTERIZATION
• Scanning Electron Microscopy
• Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
• Thermo-gravimetric Analysis
• Atomic Force Microscopy
• Raman Spectroscopy
• X-Ray Diffraction
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9. SEM IMAGE (10000X MAGNIFICATION)
GRAPHITE
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10. SEM IMAGE (10000X MAGNIFICATION)
GRAPHITE OXIDE
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11. SEM IMAGE (10000X MAGNIFICATION)
GRAPHENE FLAKES
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12. EDAX
GRAPHITE OXIDE
ELEMENT WEIGHT % ATOMIC %
CARBON 58.34 65.60
OXYGEN 39.84 33.63
SULPHUR 1.82 0.77 12

13. EDAX
GRAPHENE
ELEMENT WEIGHT % ATOMIC %
CARBON 72.71 78.02
OXYGEN 27.29 21.98
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14. THERMO-GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
GRAPHITE
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15. THERMO-GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
GRAPHITE OXIDE
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16. THERMO-GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
FEW LAYERED GRAPHENE
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17. ALUMINUM GRAPHENE COMPOSITE
POWDER METALLURGY
2mg (.1 wt %)
Dispersion by Add 2gm of
graphene Mixed
Probe Aluminum Powder
with 20 ml of
Sonication at Regular intervals
acetone
Sintering at a Powder
Mixture Kept for
temperature of 550 C Compaction at
Evaporation of
(0.7 - 0.9 Melting a Pressure of
Acetone
Point) 200 MPa
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18. PDMS GRAPHENE COMPOSITE
PREAPARATION
• 5 gms of PDMS and 0.5 gms of Hardener (10:1)
• Different weight proportions of Graphene (.1%, .2%, .5%)
Graphene Sonication for PDMS added
mixed with Homogeneous and stirred
Hardener Dispersion thoroughly
Heating to Pouring the
mixture into the Removal of
150 C for 10
glass mould Entrapped gases
minutes
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19. TENSILE TEST
SPECIMENS PREPARED
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20. TENSILE TEST
RESULTS OBTAINED (PDMS)
Tensile (Mpa) 1.425
Max Force (N) 4
Elong at Max (%) 26.86
Stress at Break (Mpa) 0.1068
Force at Break (N) 0.3
Elongation (%) 49.14
Stress @ 10 % (Mpa) 0.712
Stress @ 20 % (Mpa) 0.962
Stress @ 30 % (Mpa) 0.1068
Stress @ 40 % (Mpa) 0.1068
Stress @ 50 % (Mpa) 1.425
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21. TENSILE TEST
FORCE V/S ELONGATION CURVE (PDMS)
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22. TENSILE TEST
RESULTS OBTAINED (0.1 wt %)
Tensile (Mpa) 1.088
Max Force (N) 3.3
Elong at Max (%) 35.67
Stress at Break (Mpa) 0.0989
Force at Break (N) 0.3
Elongation (%) 69.7
Stress @ 10 % (Mpa) 0.3296
Stress @ 20 % (Mpa) 0.4285
Stress @ 30 % (Mpa) 0.758
Stress @ 40 % (Mpa) 0.527
Stress @ 50 % (Mpa) 0.3955
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23. TENSILE TEST
FORCE V/S ELONGATION CURVE (0.1 wt. %)
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24. TENSILE TEST
RESULTS OBTAINED (0.5 wt. %)
Tensile (Mpa) 4.242
Max Force (N) 11.3
Elong at Max (%) 73.3
Stress at Break (Mpa) 0.863
Force at Break (N) 2.3
Elongation (%) 74
Stress @ 10 % (Mpa) 0.2628
Stress @ 20 % (Mpa) 0.751
Stress @ 30 % (Mpa) 1.014
Stress @ 40 % (Mpa) 1.502
Stress @ 50 % (Mpa) 2.14
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25. TENSILE TEST
FORCE V/S ELONGATION CURVE (0.5 wt. %)
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26. WORK TO BE DONE
• Nano-indentation and various other nano-scale tests on the
composites for various concentrations of graphene.
• Testing of properties such as Thermal conductivity, Wear
Resistance, Indentation etc. on both Aluminium and PDMS
composites.
• Study on effectiveness of utilization of PDMS-graphene composite
in microfluidic devices and its other potential applications.
• Preparation of graphene reinforced composites of copper and
magnesium.
• Preparation of graphene reinforced composites of epoxy and
polyethylene.
• Characterization and testing of all composites in macro, micro and
nano scales
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