Democracy originated in ancient Greece around the 7th century BC. It comes from the Greek words "demos" meaning people and "kratos" meaning rule, so democracy literally means rule by the people. Key principles of democracy include elections, political parties, and coalition governments. Rule of law is also important, establishing that all citizens are equal before the law. Decision making involves different branches of government - the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Promoting tolerance and human dignity are also central to democracy.

1. democracy
For ,to ,by the people

2. democracy
• Democracy is originated in ancient Greece
around 7th century.
• democracy is the combination “demos”
and “kratos” which means people rule.

3. Forms oF government
• Democracy –In democracy ,the supreme power
belongs to people . Common people have right
to vote.
• Dictatorship – in this form of government all
power lies one person or party . The dictator is
ultimate power and no one can question his
decisions.
• Absolute monarchy-in this form of government
the monarch (head) enjoys absolute power.

4. rule oF law
Rule of law is an important feature in
democracy . Rule of law means all citizens
are subject to same laws, all are equal
before law, it also means that the state
cannot act arbitrarily as its powers are
limited by the constitution . Rule of law
distinguishes from other forms of
governments

5. decision making in democracy
In a democracy, the government is
accountable to all its citizens and
responsible to their needs and demands.
this is only possible by decision-making
mechanism. decision making consists
three main organs of government
legislature , executive , judiciary.

6. promoting tolerance and
human dignity
• Promoting tolerance and human dignity
are key principles of democracy.
Tolerance is accepting and respecting
views of others even if they are different
from yours.
• In democracy people enjoy the freedom of
speech and expression. It is likely that the
views of one may not be similar to others.

7. elections in democracy
• Elections were used early in history in
ancient Greece and Rome and
throughout medieval period to select rulers
as holy roman emperor the pope.
Elections were also used to select rajas ,
caliph. in this people enjoy the right to vote
without discrimination.

8. political parties in
democracy
• Political parties are an important feature of any
democratic government. Political parties in India
have been greatly fluenced by cultural diversity,
caste, community, and religion and ideology. the
predominance of a single national party
continued for many years. But in view of
vastness many regional parties emerged , as
national parties are not able to concentrate
specific issues and concerns of particular state

9. coalition government
• If no single party gets majority votes
required to form a government to form a
government, then some political parties
form an alliance with like-minded parties to
achieve majority and form government.
this kind of government is called Coalition
government.

10. coalition government in india
Till1967,there was a dominance of single party
system both at central and state levels. after
1967 ,non-congress coalition governments came
into existence.
In 1977general elections, the janata party entered
in coalition with other political. their coalition
defeated congress party and first coalition
government formed in central level. From 1989
elections, no single party was able to win a
majority so, coalition government became a
norm.