Presentation of the final dissertation of M.Tech student.

1. EXPERIMENTAL MEASURMENTS AND NUMERICAL
SIMULATION OF PERMITTIVITY AND
PERMEABILITY OF FR-4
SUBMITTED BY:
Neetesh Sharma
0904 EC13MT01
DISSERTATION
ON
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF:
Ashish Duvey
Assistante Professor
Department of ECE Department
SRCEM, GWALIOR (M.P.) 1

2. INTRODUCTION
2
 The main objective of this dissertation is to focus a new approach
to enhance the bandwidth and improve the performance of
microstrip patch antenna. This can be done by designing antenna
in a way so that bandwidth enhancement ,return loss reduction,
directivity improvement can be get altogether..
 The Simulation work is done using Computer Simulation
Technology Software (CST-10). MathCAD-14 & Microsoft Excel
Software is used for verifying the Double-Negative Metamaterial
Properties by Using Nicolson-Ross-Weir Method (NRW).

3. RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP
PATCH ANTENNA
3

4. 1/2rr
eff ]
W
h
12[1
2
1)(ε
2
1)(ε
ε 





1
2
2
0


rrf
W


 CALCULATION OF WIDTH
 THE EFFECTIVE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF THE DIELECTRIC MATERIAL
FORMULAS USED
4

5.  CALCULATION OF THE EXTENSION OF THE LENGTH
 THE ACTUAL LENGTH OF THE PATCH
5

6. 6
 Satellite Communication
 Aircraft Antennas
 Missiles and Telemetry
 Missile Guidance
 Adaptive Arrays
 Mobile Radio
 Biomedical Radiator
APPLICATIONS

7. 7
METAMATERIAL
• Metamaterial are artificial structure that can be design to
exhibit specific electromagnetic properties that doesn't
found in the nature. In Greek ‘Meta’ means ‘beyond’.
• Primary research in metamaterials investigate it as a
material with negative refractive index.
• According to ‘Pendry’ the Metamaterial structure is
conventionally composed of split ring resonator and
thin wire or strip line which provides negative permittivity
and permeability.

8. Classification of materials on the basis of
Permittivity (ε) and permeability (µ)
8

9. 9
 Double Negative (DNG) materials (Periodicity d << λ)
• Elements and distances between them are much smaller than a
wavelength (Effective medium concepts, simultaneous effective
negative permittivity and permeability)
• Have several names including Left-Handed Metamaterials,
Backward-Wave materials, Negative Index of Refraction(NIR)
materials, etc.
DNG
Taxonomy of Metamaterials

10. WORKING OF METAMATERIAL
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All materials are made of atoms, which are dipoles. These dipoles
modify the light velocity by a factor n (the refractive index). The
ring and wire units play the role of atomic dipoles: the wire acts as a
ferroelectric atom, while the ring acts as an inductor L and the open
section as a capacitor C. The ring as a whole therefore acts as an LC
circuit. When the electromagnetic field passes through the ring, an
induced current is created and the generated field is perpendicular to
the magnetic field of the light. The magnetic resonance results in a
negative permeability; the index is negative as well.

11. NICOLSON-ROSS-WEIR METHOD (NRW)
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Equations used for calculating permittivity & permeability using
NRW approach:

12. 12
Where,
V2 = S21 - S11
ω = Frequency in Radian,
d = Thickness of the Substrate,
c = Speed of Light, and
V2 = Voltage Minima

13. REFERENCES
13
[1] V.G. Veselago “The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative
value ε and μ” Sov. Phys. Uspekekhy.10 (4), 509-514(1968)
[2] J.B. Pendry, A.J. Holden, D.J. Robbins, W.J. Stewart, “magnetism from
conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena” IEEE Trans. Micro Tech. vol.47
no.11, pp.2075-2081, Nov.1999
[3] D.R. Smith, W. Padilla, D.C. Vier, S.C. Nomad-Nasser, and S. Schultz, “A
composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity,”
Phys.Rev.Lett.84,4184(2000)
[4] Wu, B-I, W.Wang J. Pacheco, X. Chen, T. Grzegorczyk, and J.A. Kong, “A study
of using metamaterials as antenna substrate to enhance gain,” Progress In
Electromagnetics Research, PIER 51, 295-328, 2005.

14. [5] D.R. Smith, D.C. Vier Th. Koschny and C.M. Sookolis, “Electromagnetic
parameterretrieval from inhomogeneous Metamaterial”, Physics review,
PP.036617-1-10,2005
[6] Wu, B-I, W. Wang, J. Pacheco, X. Chen, T. Grzegorczyk, and J.A. Kong,
“A study of using metamaterials as antenna substrate to enhance gain,”
Progress in Electromagnetic Research, PIER 51, 295-328, 2005.
[7] R.W. Ziolkowski, “Design fabricating and fabrication and testing of
double negative metamaterials,” IEEE Transactions on antennas and
Propagation, vol.51, no.7, pp.1516-1529, July 05.
[8] H.A. Majid, M.K.A. Rahim and T. Marsi, “Microstrip Antenna gain
enhancement using left-handed metamaterial structure, progress in
Electromagnetic Research M. Vol.8, 235-247,2009.
[9] https://electronics-club.com/
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THANK YOU