A presentation during the 13th International Conference on Dryland Development

1. Agroforestry for Development of Dry Areas
Javed Rizvi
World Agroforestry,
South Asia Regional program
New Delhi, India
email: J.Rizvi@cgiar.org

2. Headquartered at
Nairobi, Kenya ICRAF
operates in 36 countries
in Africa, Asia and Latin
America through 6
Regional Offices
East & Southern
Africa
West & Central
Africa
Latin America South AsiaEast & Central
Asia
Southeast Asia
ICRAF implements its research for
development program in collaboration
with more than 100 partners, including
National Agriculture Research and
Education Systems (NARES)
Agroforestry is the practice and science of the interface and
interactions between agriculture and forestry, involving
farmers, livestock, trees and forests at multiple scales

3. Products
Food
Fruits, Nuts,
Edible
leaves/
Pods,
Tubers,
Roots, etc.
Commodities
Beverages,
Oils,
Toiletry,
Cosmetics,
Perfumes,
Gums,
Resins,
Industrial
Products
Energy
Biofuel Fuelwood Charcoal
Timber
Fodder
Medicines
Spices
Fertilizer
Services
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Agroforestry Benefits for Dryland Area

4. Agroforestry and INDC
• 23 countries identify agroforestry as a mitigation strategy
• 29 countries identify agroforestry as an adaptation strategy
Source:
https://ccafs.cgiar.org
/agricultures-
prominence-indcs-
data-and-
maps#.Wfa1uohx200

5. • Six molecules of CO2 = one molecule of
glucose
• Six oxygen molecules released as a by-
product
• A mature sycamore tree (around 12 m tall;
weighing two tons, growing @ 5 % per year,
produces 100 kg of oxygen/ tree / year
Some simple but interesting math!
• One person needs 9.5 tons of
air/ year
• Oxygen makes up about 23
percent of that ( by mass)
• About 740 kg of oxygen /year/
person
7 - 8 trees’ worth.
American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)

6. Clippeton
Island, Spratly
Island and
Vatican City
have no trees

7. Average number of trees/ person (2015)
8953
1494
102 28
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Canada Brazil China India
Series1 Series2

8. Popular Agroforestry Systems
Dryland offers good
scope for development
of Agroforestry,
Social forestry, Horti-
Sylvi-pasture , etc
which will not only
supply food, nutrition,
fodder, fuel to
communities
but forms a suitable
vegetative cover for
ecological
maintenance.
√

9. Policy Support
Agroforestry
technologies
Inputs (QPM
and Others)
Credit
Mainstreaming agroforestry
Forward and backward
linkages to market
Insurance
Strong Extension
Services
India, Nepal,
Belize and
Bangladesh
Absence of
Guidelines
Efficient
Linkages Not
Available

10. Implementation of National Agroforestry Policy and Mission:
• ICRAF a member of the
Inter-Ministerial Committee on
National Agroforestry Policy
• Member of the Technical Group for
Agroforestry Mission
• Member of MoEFCC’s Committee on
increasing trees outside forest
India Nepal Bangladesh Indonesia Rwanda Kenya Belize (Central America)
Agroforestry Mission: $ 140 million
National Bamboo Mission: $ $ 197
million
State Governments
Finance commission: $ 9 billion
CSR: $ 104 million
Agroforestry Research Institute

11. ExtentofContributiontoNational
Economy&ClimateResilience
Over 70 % of country’s timber requirement met from trees
on-farm. Dry land areas contribute about 30-40 %
Generates about $ 25 billion/ year, significant part of it
goes to smallholders
Co-benefits through allied industries , service sector.
Ecosystem services
NDC commitment
A Success Story: India

12. Success story form Africa: The Drylands
Development Programme (DryDev)
• Over 158,800 farmers (59,000
women) involved in rehabilitation
of 87,013 hectare using various
watershed treatments, planting of
grasses and 1,829,319 trees.
• To control run-off and increase
water infiltration check dams on
streams to manage siltation, sand
dams to store underground water,
infiltration trenches/pits, and half-
moon micro- catchments were
promoted
A Farmer-led Program to
Enhance Water
Management, Food Security,
and Rural Economic
Development in the Drylands
of Burkina Faso, Ethiopia,
Kenya, Mali and Niger

15. Success story form China: Kubuqi Ecological Restoration
Project, A Desert Green Economy Initiative
• Sandy and denuded landscape
• Temperatures range 32.1 - 38.7 ºC
• Sandstorms are common
• Annual average rainfall 280 mm.
• Mobile dunes account for 61%
• Majority of surface covered by
loose fine sand

16. • Air and water jetting method, fast planting-high survival rate
• Grid sand barrier technology to stabilize sand dunes, using Salix
psammophila, crop straw and other materials (1 × 1 m or 2 × 2 m;
10 to 15 cm high)
• Adjusting tree and grass species to the local conditions
• Aerial seeding of grass and trees
• Exclusion zone for some or all of human activities for 5 – 15 years
• Optimized utilization of upper, middle and lower parts of the
landscape with balanced interests between long, medium and short-
term production, and realizing ecological, economic and social
benefits
• Production of high grade liquorice through best planting material,
field & harvesting management

19. Success story form UAE:
About 30,000 ha plantation in the heart of desert with more than
18 million trees

21. Challenges and Way Forward
Absence of extension support services
Dependable Monitoring & estimation of area

23. Africa Tree Finder
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.icraf.gsl.iucn.treespecieslocator
The vegetationmap4africa is an interactive vegetation map
Available as web‐based, Google Earth and [offline] mobile phone versions
Designed as a decision support tool for the selection of suitable indigenous tree species
for restoration, forestry, agroforestry and landscape diversification projects.
The map currently covers eight African countries (Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi,
Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia).
The map also shows where planting materials for a particular species could be obtained
Via the Agroforestry Species Switchboard, each tree species is linked to information
in 26 web‐based databases, supporting the selection of the right tree species.
www.vegetationmap4africa.org

24. Parameter Ludhiana SBS Nagar Hoshiarpur Rupnagar
Agroforestry area (ha) 11691.85 5501.00 19600.38 9567.30
Poplar area (ha) 3698.67 534.00 10573.13 5495.20
Poplar area as % of
agroforestry
31.6 9.7 53.9 57.4
Estimation of Area under Poplar based Agroforestry Systems in Punjab state
Estimated area under
Poplar species is 276
thousand ha (5.63%)
in Punjab state with a
reasonably good
accuracy of 85.2
percent

25. Parameter Yamunanagar Kurukshetra Karnal
Agroforestry area (ha) 16292.88 7997.87 7641.09
Poplar area (ha) 12169.66 2581.73 2317.34
Poplar area as % of
agroforestry
74.7 32.3 30.3
Estimation of Area under Poplar based Agroforestry Systems in Haryana
Estimated area under Poplar species
is 205 thousand ha (4.66%) in
Haryana state with a reasonably good
accuracy of 85.2 percent.

26. Inter sensor comparison of Poplar mapping in pilot areas of Yamuna Nagar district, Haryana
Sensors Sentinel-2 (ESA) LISS-IV(ISRO) SKYSAT(Planet)
Spatial resolution (pixel, m) 10 m 5.8m 1m
Temporal resolution (days) 5 5 On demand
Data volume Medium High Very high
Cost of data rupees per tile Free Rs 12000(per tile) Rs 70000 (per tile)
Ease of collection and processing Medium High Very high
Processing time(working hours/km2) 24 40 60
Overall Accuracy (%) 85.2 90.1 94.2
Pilot area=(14 kmx14km)=19600 ha

27. It will cost 76 Trillion dollars to produce
Oxygen for 1 year for all human beings on earth
Trees Do It For Free