I prepared the presentation in my graduation while studying Child development and stages of life. The taking care of a baby aspect is crucial and most impressionable on a baby's life. Hence, here are some small tips that can come in handy while taking care of a new-born. Happy Parenting! :-) PS - Few pictures used in slides are from google images. Indian babies are the ones in the family.

1. -Akanksha Sharma
B.Sc. (hons.) H.Sc
Section – C, III yr.
Roll No. 4
CARE PRACTICES DURING INFANCY

2. The Needs of Infants
Children between the ages of
0-3 require a tremendous
amount of attention. Children's brains are
rapidly developing at this stage, and lack of
connection, caring, and tenderness in very
young children's lives can lead to profound and
long-term struggles later on. Given plenty of
time to explore, experiment, make mistakes and
then try again, while being championed and
cheered on by relaxed, delighted, attentive
adults, children thrive.

3. CARE OF THE INFANT’S NEEDS
Care of the new infant involves:
Careful lifting of the babies
Diapering
Clothing
Bathing and
Feeding
There are certain basic things about these
aspects that have to be learned. In order to
give the babies the best care.

4. LIFTING BABIES
A small baby should be lifted
by grasping both his feet or
thighs with the right hand and
slipping the left hand under
his neck and head. He is then
raised upon the left arm.
By this method his entire spine is supported and no
undue pressure is made upon his chest. Older infants
may be lifted by grasping the body under the arms
but should not be lifted by the wrists. A sudden pull at
the wrist may cause injury to the elbow or shoulder
joints.

5. DIAPERING
A clean old absorbent cloth is good for
making diapers. There are several ways
of folding diapers. They can be used according
to the age and need of the baby. For example,
 Triangular folding diapers
( Oblong shape – 91x45 cms )
 Panel folding diapers
(It has the advantage of providing the best padding effect with six thick
layers in the area which becomes the wettest and is particularly used for
small babies.)
 Kite fold method
(It is used for bigger babies. It gives four thick layers of absorbing
surface and allows more freedom for the baby‟s legs.)
At night, extra padding may be placed in the diaper
to absorb the urine
Soiled diapers should be replaced immediately and washed.

6. INFANT’S CLOTHING
• The baby‟s clothing and apparel should be of
the right clothing styles that are safe, comfor-
table, and seasonally appropriate for the baby.
• In warm climate, all the clothing a baby needs
is shirt and diaper.
• In cold climates, sweaters can be added in the daytime and a
long gown and socks to keep the feet warm at night.
• Overclothing the baby during the day and night is a common
mistake made by the most mothers.
• Babies who are overclothed are apt
to be restless and fretfull.
• Old cotton garments next to the skin
should be preferred.

7. BABY’S LAUNDRY
• Soiled diapers should be changed immediately and
placed in cold water, washed and dried in the sun. A wet
diaper should never be kept without washing it. If the
baby defecates, the diaper should be scrubbed with a
toilet brush or rubbed on the washing stone. It should be
rinsed many times and washed.
• If the baby has just passed urine , the diaper should be
washed in hot soapy water and rinsed thoroughly until the
rinse water is clear, for soap is irritating to the baby‟s skin.
• Bleaching agents should not
be used to clean the diapers.
• Also, harsh chemical detergents
should be avoided.

8. ALL ABOUT BABY’S CRIES
First you must understand what your baby is trying to
tell you. Find out ways to transform a crying child into a
happy cheerful one.
Hunger cries are healthy lusty cries which can be
signified If the baby is trying to put its finger in the mouth
or makes sucking noises.
The baby will always cry when it is wet.
Cries after feedings may mean there is
still some gas that escaped the bubbling,
or his formula may not be right and may
need adjusting.

9. REASONS:
Crying could be due to many reasons,
if the child feels:
– Sleepy
– Hungry
– Irritated
– Sick
– Pain
– Suffocated
– Infection/fever
– Hot or cold

10. BABY'S SLEEPING
• Babies tend to sleep all day.
• A new born baby normally sleeps
for the nine-tenths of the day.
• At six months, it should sleep
at least two-thirds of the
day. There is nothing to worry about as each baby follows
its own sleeping pattern.
• The habit of regular sleep is established by waking the
baby punctually for his daytime feedings and allowing him
to sleep as long as possible at nights.
• Pillows are quite unneccessary for the babies although
they are not dangerous.

11. SLEEPING PATTERNS
 A baby can sleep well on his
back or stomach.
 It will be good to alternate the
positions with the head turned
gently to one side or the other.
 Sleeping on his back may tend to flatten his head,
although it will correct itself later.
 No baby should sleep in the same bed with another
person, since adults and older children may roll over the
baby in their sleep and hurt it. There is always a chance
of infection.
 The baby should gradually be trained to go to sleep when
put in his crib. Ten minutes of fussing is natural and
normal. He the cries prolong than half an hour, baby
should be checked if there is any discomfort to it or
restlessness.

12. BABY’S BEDDING: SAFETY TIPS
The reason to take care of the baby‟s bedding is because your baby‟s bedding
may be causing him an allergy, and you may not have realized it, or it may be
completely unsafe for him, and you may not be
aware of it. For your baby, consider these small tips:
• Do not use soft bedding for your newborn infant.
This includes soft pillows, cushions, quilts,
comforters and sheepskins.
The baby may get suffocated.
• Use only thin blankets for wrapping your infant in, and preferably, the kind that is
used in hospitals as soon as your baby is born. Also make sure that the blanket
does not have any loose strings or loops that could get caught in baby‟s
fingernails and inadvertently fall over his face when he is asleep. A little caution
will go a long way.
• Make sure that the sheets that you use for baby‟s bedding are firmly tucked in,
and cannot be pulled loose by wandering hands and legs.
• Avoid using an electric blanket for baby‟s bedding; you never know.

13. GROOMING BABY
One should take care of the following about the infant:
 nail clipping
 hair care
 Skin care
 Baby acne
 Treatment of Diaper Rashes
 Tie a nappy
If the nails are long, cut them while
the baby is asleep and not the bath time.
With long nails, it may scratch itself and
develop infections.

14. MASSAGING
 Massaging is an activity done in
all Indian households for infants.
 It is considered that massage
makes muscles and bones
stronger and flexible, moreover, it helps to lower the
body hair of the infant.
 Generally, massage is preferred before bathing a
child and coconut, baby or olive oil are used for this
purpose.
 A daily massage is a powerful tool that helps to
maintain and strengthen affectionate bonds
between the parents and the baby.

15. BATHING
 A daily bath is an honored
tradition and pleasant for
babies unless they are unwell.
 Tub baths have to be deferred until the umbilical
cord falls off, which usually happens by the fifth
or sixth day and before that sponge bath should
be given.
 Put some talcum powder
in the skin folds, this will
prevent chafing in that area.

16. DON’TS WHILE BATHING
 Sick babies should not be given bath, unless
ordered so by the doctor.
 Babies with skin troubles also should not be
given bath.
 Too vigorous cleaning may irritate the baby‟s skin.
 It is neither necessary to go into the ears and nostrils with
pick swabs nor to bathe the eyes or wash the mouth out,
however, soap should always be carefully removed.
 With older infants in the crawling stage,
an evening bath will help to wash off the
day‟s dirt before bed time.

17. BABY NUTRITION
 Breast feeding should be preferred for the baby as Mother‟s first
milk, COLOSTRUM, is fully of antibodies against various
infections.
 If the child is fed with formula milk, hygiene should be kept in
mind and the bottle and nipple should
be sterilized before reuse.
Types of FORMULA MILK used are:
 Evaporated or liquid-modified milk.
 Powdered milk
 Fresh water milk
 Fresh milk should be boiled for
better safety and digestibility.

18. BOWEL AND BLADDER MOVEMENTS
 During the first two or three days of post-natal life, the baby‟s
stools are small, soft and dark greenish-brown in color due to
the meconium, the material which was present in the intestinal
tract before the baby was born.
 Breast-fed infants have more regular bowel movements than
bottle-fed infants.
 Any obvious change in the stools should be reported to the
doctor as it may indicate some serious illness.
 When the baby is three or four
months old, it is possible to regulate
his bowels in such a way as to
decrease the number of soiled diapers.

19. SAFETY OF THE INFANT
Learn how to prevent, detect, and treat common
health issues that occur in babies. Also learn
how to prevent dangerous situations for the
baby
 Track Baby's Growth and Development
 When Can Baby Drink Water?
 Baby Safe Sleeping Positions
 Detecting Hearing Impairment
 Cradle Cap Treatment Remedy

20. IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE
Beneficiar Age Vaccine
y
As soon as the child is born,
Infants Birth BCG and
it is exposed to the OPV
environment, a protection 6 weeks DPT and
OPV
is required to safeguard the 10 weeks DPT and
child against diseases and OPV
14 weeks DPT and
infections. OPV
Immunization forms one of the most important and cost
9 months measles
effective strategies for the prevention of childhoodDPT and
18 months
sicknesses and disabilities and is thus a basic need for
OPV
booster
all children.
dose

21. KEEP YOUR BABY
HAPPY AND ENTERTAINED
 As you are a part of your baby‟s optimum development, you must take
part in activities that involve both of you, so that your baby will be kept
entertained for a great many hours, and your bond with her will also
grow in leaps and bounds. Here are some ideas for you:
 You can try reading to him, or telling him short stories, or simply talking
to him and singing to him. Babies love the human voice, and can listen
to it happily for hours. If you are reading, for instance, you can change
your voice according to the characters in the story, and your baby will
have a wonderful time listening to the different tones and voices that you
make up for him.
 Make the time, everyday, to spend time alone with your baby. You can
use this time to take him out for a stroll in your neighborhood park, and
show him and name for him the different flowers, trees and butterflies
that you will see in the great outdoors. Make it an enjoyable experience
for both your baby and yourself.

22. YOUR NEW BORN
AND SKIN RASHES
• Skin rashes are very common for a newborn baby, and although some may
require supervision and treatment by a doctor, most do disappear on their own.
• Here is a list of some of the more common skin rashes in your newborn. Rest
assured that most of them will disappear after your baby is a few weeks or
months old.
• Neonatal acne, or „pink pimples‟ as they are called, are brought on by the
exposure to maternal hormones within the womb. These need no treatment
whatsoever and will disappear on their own when your baby is a few weeks old.
• Erythema toxicum is something that looks like mosquito bites. This is also a
common newborn rash, and will disappear on its own after a few weeks.
• Mongolian spots are a very common newborn baby skin rash, in dark skinned
babies. These require no treatment, and will disappear on their own by the time
the baby reaches school age.
• Salmon patches are a simple nest of blood vessels. Also known as „stork‟s bite‟
when it occurs at the back of the baby‟s neck, or an „angel‟s kiss‟ when it occurs
between the eyes, the cause may be maternal hormones. These too disappear
after a period of time although it is true that some salmon patches never
disappear.

23. SWADDLING
 “Swaddling” is also called as
“tight wrapping” of your baby,
it is an age-old technique used
to make the baby feel safe and secure.
 Swaddling involves wrapping a baby
securely from shoulders to feet with
a small blanket.
 Swaddling makes infant care easy.
There are more swaddling techniques
which give an effective infant care.

24. BENEFITS:
• Swaddling is a great way to calm and soothe your fussy infant.
• It lowers the risk of SIDS and thus makes infant care easy. Babies at the age of 3 months, when
the risk of SIDS is greatest, traditional American swaddling techniques allow a baby to escape.
• This infant care method makes your baby feel secure and comfortable similar to how they felt
while in uterus. It allows your baby to stay in more stable position while your baby is sleeping for
longer hours and be less restful.
• In the first few days of life, this infant care helps your baby stay warm while sleeping, until his or
her inner thermostat kicks in.
• Your baby naturally falls asleep when swaddle.
• Swaddling helps your baby sleep on his or her back.
• Babies have very little control over their muscle movements and often wake suddenly.
Swaddling lessens the problem of awakening of your baby due to sudden arm and leg
movements there by improving your sleep quality.
• Keeps your baby‟s face uncovered.
• It eases infant care by preventing your baby moving around the cot and
getting into dangerous or uncomfortable position.
• A swaddle baby is easy to carry and hold.
• It can also help baby focus on breast or bottle feeding by keeping little
hands out of the way.

25. Lay down the foundation of a
new dawn,
By taking care of a
NEW – BORN.
THANKING YOU..!