The document discusses human-centric software engineering for smart systems. It notes that smart systems involve many different types of people, including users, software engineers, policy makers, and administrators. Effective software engineering for smart systems must encompass the cyber-physical-social dimensions and involve all stakeholders. It will also need to address future challenges like ensuring security, enabling collaborative composition, supporting forensic readiness, providing transparency, and fostering socio-technical resilience.

1. People in the Machine:
Human-centric Software Engineering for Smart Systems
Arosha K. Bandara – The Open University
arosha.bandara@open.ac.uk / @arosha
Symposium on Software Engineering for Smart Systems - 21 Sep 2017 @ De Montfort University

2. Smart Systems – The Machine
2
smart systems are co-engineered interacting
networks of physical and computational
components …
Food &
Agriculture
Transport
Policing
Health &
Wellbeing
+ …
Heterogeneous

3. Smart Systems – The Machine
3
smart systems operate at different scales,
from individuals to cities and nations …
Large-scale

4. Smart Systems – The Machine
4
Data
Actions
Learn
Adapt
Analyse
Interact
smart systems are driven by data
collected from the world …
Data-driven

5. Smart Systems – The Machine
5
Data
Actions
Learn
Adapt
Analyse
Interact
smart systems depend on software
to weave together different
technologies …
Software-intensive
Data-driven

6. People in the Machine
6
smart systems involve many
different types of people …
Smart Systems
Users
Software
Engineers
Policy Makers /
Regulators
Administrators
+ others

7. Software Engineering
7
“The systematic design and construction of
software artefacts that transform the world
around us to meet a recognised need”
[adapted from G. Rogers. The Nature of Engineering. The Macmillan Press Ltd., 1983.]
Digital / Physical / SocialTools / Techniques / Processes
Architectures / Code / etc. Requirements

8. “The systematic design and construction of
software artefacts that transform the world
around us to meet a recognised need”
[adapted from G. Rogers. The Nature of Engineering. The Macmillan Press Ltd., 1983.]
Software Engineering
8
Digital / Physical / SocialTools / Techniques / Processes
Architectures / Code / etc. Requirements
People

9. People in the Machine
9
Engineer - Stakeholder
Smart Systems
Users
Software
Engineers
Policy Makers /
Regulators
Administrators
+ others

10. Gathering Requirements
Smart System Exemplars
10Bennaceur, Amel; Mccormick, Ciaran; et al (2016). Feed me, Feed me: An Exemplar for Engineering Adaptive Software.
In: 11th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems, May 2016.
Requirements

11. Gathering Requirements
Contravision Technique
11Mancini, Clara; Rogers, Yvonne; et al (2010). Contravision: Exploring users' reactions to futuristic technology.
In: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Human factors in computing systems, April 2010.
Requirements

12. People in the Machine
12
Engineer – Smart System
Smart Systems
Users
Software
Engineers
Policy Makers /
Regulators
Administrators
+ others

13. Supporting System Design
IoT Privacy Guidelines
13Perera, C.; Mccormick, C.; et al (2016). Privacy-by-Design Framework for Assessing IoT Applications and Platforms.
In: International Conference on the Internet of Things (IOT 2016), November 2016.
Process/Techniques

14. Supporting Software Design
IoT Privacy Guidelines
14Perera, C.; Mccormick, C.; et al (2016). Privacy-by-Design Framework for Assessing IoT Applications and Platforms.
In: International Conference on the Internet of Things (IOT 2016), November 2016.
Process/Techniques

15. People in the Machine
15
User – Smart System
Smart Systems
Users
Software
Engineers
Policy Makers /
Regulators
Administrators
+ others

16. User - System Interactions
Adaptive Software
16Calikli, Gul; Law, Mark; et al (2016). Privacy Dynamics: Learning Privacy Norms for Social Software.
In: 11th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems, May 2016.
Architectures

17. User - System Interactions
Privacy Itch & Scratch
17Mehta, Vikram; Bandara, Arosha; et al (2016). Privacy Itch and Scratch: On Body Privacy Warnings and Controls.
In: ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, May 2016.
Cyber/Physical/Social

18. User - System Interactions
Privacy Band
18Mehta, Vikram; Bandara, Arosha; et al (2016). Privacy Itch and Scratch: On Body Privacy Warnings and Controls.
In: ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, May 2016.
Arduino(
Nano(
Bluetooth(
LE(
3.7V(LiPo(
Ba7ery(
Power(Booster(
Vero(
Board(
On<Off(Switch(
(a)(
7.5cm&7.5cm&
Vibe&Boards&
Fabric&
Patch&1&
Fabric&
Patch&2&
(b)&
Cyber/Physical/Social

19. People in the Machine
19
smart systems involve many
different types of people …
Smart Systems
Users
Software
Engineers
Policy Makers
Administrators
+ others
Human-centric Software Engineering

20. Software Engineering for Smart Systems
Future Challenges
20
Effective
Security
Collaborative
Composition
Forensic
readiness
Transparency
Socio-technical
resilience

21. People in the Machine
●People are critical part of smart systems.
●Software engineering needs to encompass the
cyber-physical-social dimensions of smart technologies.
●Human-centric software engineering can help address
future challenges for building smart systems.
Software Engineering for Smart Systems
21

22. People in the Machine
Software Engineering for Smart Systems
22
Questions?