SOCIAL PROBLEMS by jeferson alday

SOCIAL PROBLEMS
REPORTED BY:
JEFERSON R. ALDAY

What is Sociology?
It is the study of human beings living in
groups, of how people act and interact
under different social situations, and
how they relate themselves to one
another.

Social Problems – Drug Addiction
DRUG ADDICTION is both
serious national and
international problem. Some of
the causes are:
1.Membership in a
“barkada.”
If the members of a barkada
are drug addicts, any
incoming member will
eventually become a drug
addict too because of the
influence of the old members.

2. Overuse. A drug
may be taken by a
patient as a pain
reliever but because of
constant use, the
patient becomes
addicted to the drug.

3. Curiosity. Some persons,
especially the young ones,
are curious about the
effects of a drug and they
experiment using it. Later,
they become habituated to
the use of the drug.

4. Frustration. Some persons who are highly frustrated
may take drugs to lessen the impact of their
disappointment and depression.

5. Victim of Pusher. Some
persons, especially women
and children, become victims
of a pusher. The pusher
gives them free food and
drinks under the guise of
friendship and kindness until
they become habituated to
the drug.

6. Removal of inhibition. Some persons may be
inhibited to do something under their normal
consciousness; consequently, they take drugs to
weaken the inhibition.

7. Boredom. This is especially true with rich
people who have high incomes from their
investments or inheritance. They do not need to
work and are idle most of the time. Because of
idleness, they become bored and to lessen their
boredom, they take drugs.

8. Ignorance. Ignorance of the evil effects of
drugs may lead a person to take drugs to enjoy
the feeling of being “high” until he becomes
addicted.

9. Easy access to drugs. When drugs are
easily available, some people are tempted to
try taking them. Then they become addicted.

Evil Effects of Drugs
1. The personality of the addict becomes
disorganized. His mental powers fail to
recognize logical relationships and are
discordant.
2. His physical health also deteriorates. He
looks messy, haggard, and malnourished
because he loses his appetite to eat.

3. The more he is
addicted, the more he
craves for the drug.
When he runs out of
money to buy the drug,
he resorts to stealing or
even killing to procure it.
Thus, he becomes a
menace to society.
Evil Effects of Drugs

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
 Juvenile delinquency as the term connotes is
the commission of anti-social acts by young
persons, usually minors.
 Juvenile delinquency may be in the form of
disobedience, theft, robbery, holdups, rape,
prostitution, etc.

Some of the causes are:
1.Congestion
2.Frustration
3.Joining a gang
4.Psychological needs
5.Poverty
6.Idleness
7.Lack of Spiritual and moral values.

1. Congestion

2. Frustration

3. Joining a Gang

4. Psychological needs

5. Poverty

6. Idleness

7. Lack of Spiritual and moral values

LACK OF PEACE AND ORDER
The occurrence of gloomy picture may be
attributed to the following causes:
1. Ideology. Some Filipinos have embraced
the communistic ideology. They want to wrest
control of government by all means so that they
can push through with their program of
government.

2. Poverty. Because of extreme necessity of
basic needs especially food, some people
resort to petty thefts, jewelry snatchings,
holdups especially in jeepneys, buses, and
taxis, and robbery.

3. get-rich-quick mentality. Some people
have this mentality and they engage in bank
holdups and robberies, kidnaps for ransom,
and carnappings from which they get away with
hundreds of thousands and millions of pesos.
Graft and corruption in the government is
rampant too.

4. Lack of Spiritual and moral values. People
with rich spiritual and moral values rarely
commit crimes against others. It is the
unprincipled individuals who consider that what
yours and mine are also theirs.

5. Ineffective law enforcement. When
criminality is rampant it means that the law
enforcement is ineffective. This is because the
wrong doers get away free and unpunished

SEX PROBLEMS
1. Pre-marital relations – having sexual
relations before legal marriage.
2. Extra-marital relations – married people
having sexual relations with others not their
spouses.

3. Frigidity and impotence – frigidity is the
absence of sexual desire on the part of a
woman and impotence is the failure of erection
of the male organ. If the woman is frigid and
the man is sexually impotent, sexual
incompatibility results. The sexual desire of a
partner cannot be satisfied by the other.
4. Prostitution – A woman is paid immediately,
SEX PROBLEMS

Sex Problems in the Country
1. Incest – sexual intercourse between father
and daughter, mother and son, brother and
sister.
2. Wife-Swapping – exchanging of wives.
3. Hippie family – several men and women
living together intimately and having sexual
relations among themselves.

4. Homosexuality – sexual attraction to the
same sex.
5. Nymphomania – very extreme sexual desire
in women.
Sex Problems in the Country

Causes of Sex Problems
1. Trial marriage
2. Contraceptives
3. Poverty
4. Congestion
5. Influence of movie stars
6. Desire for luxury
7. Working women

8. Lewd shows
9. Women’s lib
10. Weakening of close family ties.
11. Accessibility of hotels and motels
12. A spouse working abroad
13. Lack of strong spiritual and moral values.
Causes of Sex Problems

Negative Effect of Sex Problems
1. Untimely pregnancy. This
is the result of premarital sex
relationship. If a boy does not
want to wed the girl, it is a big
problem for her and her
family. Since honor is
involved, the girl may resort
to abortion which may result
in her death. In some cases,
the girl commits suicide.

2. Broken home. If a husband or wife engages
in extramarital relations and other one
discovers this, the spouses may end up
separating from each other. Their children will
suffer the effects of the separation.

3.Vereal diseases and / or AIDS. Venereal
diseases and AIDS often afflict people who are
engaged in prostitution. There is also
transmission of the diseases in extra-marital
relations. The ordinary venereal diseases are
curable but so far, no drug has been found yet
to cure AIDS.

POPULATION EXPLOSION
Population in the Philippines is increasing by
leaps and bounds. Some of the causes are:
1. Values and beliefs
2. Medical consciousness
3. Ignorance of Birth control methods
4. Poverty

1. Poverty
2. Retarded national economy
Negative Effects of
Overpopulation

POVERTY
Among the causes of poverty are the following:
1. Overpopulation
2. Calamities
3. Unemployment
4. Graft and corruption

Naturally, the effects of poverty are deprivation
of even the basic necessities of life, low
quality of life, low education, low morale,
feeling of insecurity, malnutrition, and theft
and robberies.

GAMBLING
Legal or illegal, gambling is a problem. The
more common forms of gambling are
gambling in the casino, jueteng, cockfighting,
and card games. The possible causes are:
1. Recreation
2. Strong belief in “luck”
3. Get-rich-quick mentality
4. Lack of strong spiritual and moral values.

1. Some people becomes impoverished
because of gambling.
2. They lose fortunes especially if luck is not on
their side.
3. Excessive gambling at night causes
deterioration in the health of an individual.
4. Since gambling has no economic value, time
spent in it is useless.
Negative Effects of Gambling

ALCOHOLISM
Alcoholism is an excessive drinking of liquor. It
results to drunkenness which is also a
serious social problem. Among the possible
cause of alcoholism are the following:
1. Recreation
2. Social function
3. Frustration
4. Lack of spiritual and moral values

1. Killing
2. Injury to health
Negative Effects of Alcoholism

TRAFFIC CONGESTION
Traffic jams are a serious problem in the cities
and big towns. Some of the causes are
1. Concentration of establishments in the city
2. Oversupply of vehicles
3. Narrow streets
4. Lack of flyovers and double-decked streets
5. Illegal parking

1. Waste of time
2. Hampered production
3. Accident and killings
Negative Effects of traffic
Congestion

BROWNOUTS
Brownouts are becoming a serious problem
throughout the country. Some of the causes
are:
1. Lack of foresight
2. Lack of expertise
3. Graft and corruption

Adverse Effect of Brownouts
1. Reduced production
2. Unemployment and underemployment
3. Demoralization

DEFORESTATION
Some cause of deforestation are the following:
1. Illegal logging
2. Charcoal making
3. Kaingin system
Negative effects of deforestation
1. Flash floods

Pollution is also a serious problem especially in
the cities and big towns. The causes are:
1. The emission of toxic carbon dioxide from moving
vehicles especially the smoke-belching trucks.
2. The factories emptying their toxic wastes into the
rivers or esteros or into the ocean cause water
pollution.
3. Radiation from the nuclear plant creates extensive
damages.
POLLUTION

1. Poisoning of People
2. Poisoning of Water life
3. Instant death
Negative Effects of Pollution

UNEMPLOYMENT
This is a perennial problem. Among the causes
are:
1. Population explosion
2. Mismatch between skills developed by
schools and skills needed by industry
3. Slow industrialization

1. Poverty
2. Employment abroad
3. Low education and low quality of life
4. Squatting
Adverse Effects of Unemployment

ANTHROPOLOGICAL
FOUNDATIONS
REPORTED BY:
JEFERSON R. ALDAY

MEANING OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Anthropology is the combination of the greek word “anthrope”
which means “man” and the term logy which means
“science”. Hence, anthropology is literally the science of
man. The American College Dictionary defines anthropology
as the science that treats of the origin, development
(physical, intellectual, moral, etc.) of mankind. Jacobs and
Stern define anthropology as the scientific study of the
physical, social, and cultural development and behavior of
human beings since their appearance on earth. (Lardizabal,
p. 152).

MAN
The dictionary further defines anthropology as
the study of man’s agreement with and
divergence from other animals. What is man
then as differentiated from other animals in
the animal kingdom? Man differs from other
animals in the following aspects:

A. Biological
MAN
1. Man walks erect on two
feet.
2. Man has two free hands
used for handling things.
3.Man has a more complex
brain than animals.
ANIMAL
1. Other animals walk on
four feet and their
bodies are horizontal to
the ground.
2. Animals except the ape
have no free hands.

B. Behaviorally
MAN
1. Man is rational.
2. Man has complex
techniques of producing,
procuring, and preparing
and cooking food.
3. Man has social,
educational, economic, and
governmental
organizations.
ANIMALS
1. Animals are not rational.
2. Animals just roam around
and procure their food with
their mouths or claws and
eat their food raw.
3. Animals do not have these.

MAN
4. Man has a system of religious
beliefs and practices.
5. Man communicates by means
of a complex language, oral
and/or written.
6. Man makes tools, weapons,
and other gadgets and
artifacts, constructs strong
and comfortable shelters,
and has fast means of land,
sea, and air transportation
and communication.
ANIMALS
4. Animals do not have these.
5. Animals communicate by
means of simple sounds
and gestures. They have no
writing.
6. Animals do not have all of
these.
B. Behaviorally

DIVISIONS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Anthropology may be classified into two. These
are the following.
1. Physical anthropology. This deals with man as a
product of evolution. It is concerned with man’s
bodily structures and also studies and analyzes
human population.
2. Cultural anthropology. This deals with the study of
man’s behavior and his habits, practices, beliefs, etc.

Subdivision of Cultural Anthropology
Cultural Anthropology has the following
subdivision:
1. Archaeology. This deals with the study of ancient
cultures based on documents, paintings, stone
carvings, etc.
2. Ethnology. This is the study of the subdivisions of
mankind, their origins, practices and relations,
institutions, etc.
3. Linguistics. This concerns man’s language and his
manner of communication.

Eras Established by Archaeology
The eras established by the archaeology are the
following: (Grolier Academic Encyclopedia, 1985)
1. Archeozoic period. This is the period when primitive forms of
life appeared. (No data for duration available)
2. Protozoic period. The period when early life forms increased.
(No data for duration available)
3. Paleozoic period. The period. The period when fish,
amphibians, and other marine forms appeared. (No data for
duration available)
4. Mesozoic period. The period when huge reptiles
predominated. This was also called the age of Reptiles, 230 to
65 million years ago.

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